Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. The enzyme encoded by this gene degrades type IV and V collagens. Studies in rhesus monkeys suggest that the enzyme is involved in IL-8-induced mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow, and murine studies suggest a role in tumor-associated tissue remodeling. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Function:
May play an essential role in local proteolysis of the extracellular matrix and in leukocyte migration. Could play a role in bone osteoclastic resorption. Cleaves KiSS1 at a Gly- -Leu bond. Cleaves type IV and type V collagen into large SLCterminal three quarter fragments and shorter N-terminal one quarter fragments. Degrades fibronectin but not laminin or Pz-peptide.
Subunit:
Exists as monomer or homodimer; disulfide-linked. Exists also as heterodimer with a 25 kDa protein. Macrophages and transformed cell lines produce only the monomeric form. Interacts with ECM1.
Subcellular Location:
Secreted; extracellular space; extracellular matrix.
Tissue Specificity:
Produced by normal alveolar macrophages and granulocytes.
Post-translational modifications:
Processing of the precursor yields different active forms of 64, 67 and 82 kDa. Sequentially processing by MMP3 yields the 82 kDa matrix metalloproteinase-9.
DISEASE:
Defects in MMP9 are the cause of metaphyseal anadysplasia type 2 (MANDP2) [MIM:613073]. Metaphyseal anadysplasia consists of an abnormal bone development characterized by severe skeletal changes that, in contrast with the progressive course of most other skeletal dysplasias, resolve spontaneously with age. Clinical characteristics are evident from the first months of life and include slight shortness of stature and a mild varus deformity of the legs. Patients attain a normal stature in adolescence and show improvement or complete resolution of varus deformity of the legs and rhizomelic micromelia.
Similarity:
Belongs to the peptidase M10A family.
Contains 3 fibronectin type-II domains.
Contains 4 hemopexin-like domains.
SWISS:
P14780
Gene ID:
4318
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 403885 Dog
Entrez Gene: 4318 Human
Entrez Gene: 17395 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 81687 Rat
Omim: 120361 Human
SwissProt: O18733 Dog
SwissProt: P14780 Human
SwissProt: P41245 Mouse
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