background:
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a signaling molecule that interacts with one of two receptors on cells targeted for apoptosis. The apoptotic signal is transduced inside these cells by cytoplasmic adaptor proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is a death domain-containing adaptor protein that interacts with the death domain of TNF-alpha receptor 1 to activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and propagate the apoptotic signal. It is membrane-bound and expressed at a higher level in neoplastic cells than in normal cells. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Function:
Plays a significant role in regulating cell proliferation, survival and death through alternative mRNA splicing. Isoform 5 shows increased cell proliferation and isoform 2 shows decreased. Converts GDP-bound inactive form of RAB3A, RAB3C and RAB3D to the GTP-bound active forms. Component of the TNFRSF1A signaling complex: MADD links TNFRSF1A with MAP kinase activation. Plays an important regulatory role in physiological cell death (TNF-alpha-induced, caspase-mediated apoptosis); isoform 1 is susceptible to inducing apoptosis, isoform 5 is resistant and isoform 3 and isoform 4 have no effect.
Subcellular Location:
Membrane.
Tissue Specificity:
Highly expressed in fetal brain and kidney; adult testis, ovary, brain and heart. Isoform 5 is constitutively expressed in all tissues. Isoform 7 is expressed in fetal liver and in several cancer cell lines.
Similarity:
Belongs to the MADD family.
Contains 1 dDENN domain.
Contains 1 death domain.
Contains 1 DENN domain.
Contains 1 uDENN domain.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 8567 Human
Entrez Gene: 228355 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 94193 Rat
Omim: 603584 Human
SwissProt: Q8WXG6 Human
SwissProt: Q80U28 Mouse
SwissProt: O08873 Rat
Unigene: 82548 Human
Unigene: 36410 Mouse
Unigene: 90117 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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