This gene encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein that plays a role in maintaining genomic stability, and it also acts as a tumor suppressor. The encoded protein combines with other tumor suppressors, DNA damage sensors, and signal transducers to form a large multi-subunit protein complex known as the BRCA1-associated genome surveillance complex (BASC). This gene product associates with RNA polymerase II, and through the SLCterminal domain, also interacts with histone deacetylase complexes. This protein thus plays a role in transcription, DNA repair of double-stranded breaks, and recombination. Mutations in this gene are responsible for approximately 40% of inherited breast cancers and more than 80% of inherited breast and ovarian cancers. Alternative splicing plays a role in modulating the subcellular localization and physiological function of this gene. Many alternatively spliced transcript variants, some of which are disease-associated mutations, have been described for this gene, but the full-length natures of only some of these variants has been described. A related pseudogene, which is also located on chromosome 17, has been identified. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009].
Function:
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that specifically mediates the formation of 'Lys-6'-linked polyubiquitin chains and plays a central role in DNA repair by facilitating cellular responses to DNA damage. It is unclear whether it also mediates the formation of other types of polyubiquitin chains. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is required for its tumor suppressor function. The BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer coordinates a diverse range of cellular pathways such as DNA damage repair, ubiquitination and transcriptional regulation to maintain genomic stability. Regulates centrosomal microtubule nucleation. Required for normal cell cycle progression from G2 to mitosis. Required for appropriate cell cycle arrests after ionizing irradiation in both the S-phase and the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Involved in transcriptional regulation of P21 in response to DNA damage. Required for FANCD2 targeting to sites of DNA damage. May function as a transcriptional regulator. Inhibits lipid synthesis by binding to inactive phosphorylated ACACA and preventing its dephosphorylation. Contributes to homologous recombination repair (HRR) via its direct interaction with PALB2, fine-tunes recombinational repair partly through its modulatory role in the PALB2-dependent loading of BRCA2-RAD51 repair machinery at DNA breaks.
Subunit:
Heterodimer with BARD1. Part of the BRCA1-associated genome surveillance complex (BASC), which contains BRCA1, MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, ATM, BLM, PMS2 and the RAD50-MRE11-NBN protein complex. This association could be a dynamic process changing throughout the cell cycle and within subnuclear domains. Component of the BRCA1-A complex, at least composed of the BRCA1, BARD1, UIMC1/RAP80, FAM175A/Abraxas, BRCC3/BRCC36, BRE/BRCC45 and BABAM1/NBA1. Interacts (via BRCT domains) with FAM175A/Abraxas and RBBP8. Associates with RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. Interacts with SMC1A and COBRA1/NELFB. Interacts (via BRCT domains) with phosphorylated BRIP1. Interacts with FANCD2 (ubiquitinated). Interacts with BAP1. Interacts with DCLRE1C/Artemis and CLSPN. Interacts with H2AFX (phosphorylated on 'Ser-140'). Interacts with CHEK1 and CHEK2. Interacts with BRCC3. Interacts (via BRCT domains) with ACACA (phosphorylated); the interaction prevents dephosphorylation of ACACA. Interacts with AURKA. Interacts with UBXN1. Part of a trimeric complex containing BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2. Interacts with PALB2 and this interaction is essential for its function in HRR. Interacts with BRCA2 only in the presence of PALB2 which serves as the bridging protein.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm; Nucleus. Localizes at sites of DNA damage at double-strand breaks (DSBs) and recruitment to DNA damage sites is mediated by the BRCA1-A complex.
Tissue Specificity:
Isoform 1 and isoform 3 are widely expressed. Isoform 3 is reduced or absent in several breast and ovarian cancer cell lines.
Post-translational modifications:
Phosphorylation at Ser-308 by AURKA is required for normal cell cycle progression from G2 to mitosis. Phosphorylated in response to IR, UV, and various stimuli that cause checkpoint activation, probably by ATM or ATR. Phosphorylation at Ser-988 by CHEK2 regulates mitotic spindle assembly.
Autoubiquitinated, undergoes 'Lys-6'-linked polyubiquitination. 'Lys-6'-linked polyubiquitination does not promote degradation.
DISEASE:
Defects in BRCA1 are a cause of susceptibility to breast cancer (BC) [MIM:11496]. A common malignancy originating from breast epithelial tissue. Breast neoplasms can be distinguished by their histologic pattern. Invasive ductal carcinoma is by far the most common type. Breast cancer is etiologically and genetically heterogeneous. Important genetic factors have been indicated by familial occurrence and bilateral involvement. Mutations at more than one locus can be involved in different families or even in the same case. Note=Mutations in BRCA1 are thought to be responsible for 45% of inherited breast cancer. Moreover, BRCA1 carriers have a 4-fold increased risk of colon cancer, whereas male carriers face a 3-fold increased risk of prostate cancer. Cells lacking BRCA1 show defects in DNA repair by homologous recombination.
Similarity:
Contains 2 BRCT domains.
Contains 1 RING-type zinc finger.
SWISS:
P38398
Gene ID:
672
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 403437 Dog
Entrez Gene: 672 Human
Entrez Gene: 12189 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 497672 Rat
Entrez Gene: 712634 Rhesus monkey
Omim: 113705 Human
SwissProt: Q9GKK8 Chimpanzee
SwissProt: Q95153 Dog
SwissProt: Q6J6I8 Gorilla
SwissProt: P38398 Human
SwissProt: P48754 Mouse
SwissProt: O54952 Rat
SwissProt: Q6J6I9 Rhesus monkey
Unigene: 194143 Human
BRCA1基因是最早被发现的乳腺癌易感基因其突变和家族性乳腺癌、卵巢癌的发病有关。
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Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (human breast); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (Phospho-BRCA1 (Ser1189) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL5221R)) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining.
Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (mouse skin); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (Phospho-BRCA1 (Ser1189)) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL5221R) at 1:200 overnight at 4°C, followed by operating according to SP Kit(Rabbit) (sp-0023) instructionsand DAB staining.
Tissue/cell: mouse ovary tissue; 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded;
Antigen retrieval: citrate buffer ( 0.01M, pH 6.0 ), Boiling bathing for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% Hydrogen peroxide for 30min; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum,SLC0005) at 37℃ for 20 min;
Incubation: Anti-Phospho-BRCA1 (Ser1189) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated(SL5221R) 1:200, overnight at 4°C, followed by conjugation to the secondary antibody(SP-0023) and DAB(SLC0010) staining
Tissue/cell: human breast carcinoma; 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded;
Antigen retrieval: citrate buffer ( 0.01M, pH 6.0 ), Boiling bathing for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% Hydrogen peroxide for 30min; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum,SLC0005) at 37℃ for 20 min;
Incubation: Anti-Phospho-BRCA1(Ser1189) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated(SL5221R) 1:200, overnight at 4°C, followed by conjugation to the secondary antibody(SP-0023) and DAB(SLC0010) staining
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