The gene is part of a 3-member transmembrane receptor kinase receptor family with a processed pseudogene distal on chromosome 15. The encoded protein is activated by the products of the growth arrest-specific gene 6 and protein S genes and is involved in controlling cell survival and proliferation, spermatogenesis, immunoregulation and phagocytosis. The encoded protein has also been identified as a cell entry factor for Ebola and Marburg viruses. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]
Function:
Receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding to several ligands including TULP1 or GAS6. Regulates many physiological processes including cell survival, migration and differentiation. Ligand binding at the cell surface induces dimerization and autophosphorylation of TYRO3 on its intracellular domain that provides docking sites for downstream signaling molecules. Following activation by ligand, interacts with PIK3R1 and thereby enhances PI3-kinase activity. Activates the AKT survival pathway, including nuclear translocation of NF-kappa-B and up-regulation of transcription of NF-kappa-B-regulated genes. TYRO3 signaling plays a role in various processes such as neuron protection from excitotoxic injury, platelet aggregation and cytoskeleton reorganization. Plays also an important role in inhibition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated innate immune response by activating STAT1, which selectively induces production of suppressors of cytokine signaling SOCS1 and SOCS3.
Subunit:
Monomer and homodimer. Interacts (via N-terminus) with extracellular ligands TULP1 and GAS6. Interacts with PIK3R1; this interaction increases PI3-kinase activity.
Subcellular Location:
Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.
Tissue Specificity:
Abundant in the brain and lower levels in other tissues.
Post-translational modifications:
Autophosphorylated.
Similarity:
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. AXL/UFO subfamily.
Contains 2 fibronectin type-III domains.
Contains 2 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains.
Contains 1 protein kinase domain.
SWISS:
P55144
Gene ID:
22174
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 7301 Human
Entrez Gene: 22174 Mouse
Omim: 600341 Human
SwissProt: Q06418 Human
SwissProt: P55144 Mouse
Unigene: 381282 Human
Unigene: 2901 Mouse
Unigene: 424496 Mouse
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