background:
Paroxon is an organophosphorus anticholinesterase compound, used topically in the treatment of glaucoma. It is produced in vivo in mammals by microsomal oxidation of the insecticide parathion. Parathion is inert until transformed to paroxon. Paroxonase or PON is an arylesterase that is capable of hydrolyzing paroxon to produce p-nitrophenol. PONs are nonspecific and their classification is based not only on substrate specificity but also on tissue distribution, inhibition properties and physicochemical characteristics such as electrophoretic mobility and molecular weight. In contrast to PON1, which is expressed mainly in the liver, PON2 is expressed in a variety of mouse tissues, including the pancreas. PON3 is a associated with the high density lipoprotein fraction of serum. The genes which encode PON1-3 are physically linked and map to human chromosome 7q21.3.
Function:
Has low activity towards the organophosphate paraxon and aromatic carboxylic acid esters. Rapidly hydrolyzes lactones such as statin prodrugs (e.g. lovastatin). Hydrolyzes aromatic lactones and 5- or 6-member ring lactones with aliphatic substituents but not simple lactones or those with polar substituents.
Subunit:
Homodimer.
Subcellular Location:
Secreted, extracellular space
Post-translational modifications:
The signal sequence is not cleaved.
Similarity:
Belongs to the paraoxonase family.
Database links:
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: Q15166.3
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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