background:
Sulfation is an essential conjugation reaction that increases the water solubility of many compounds, thereby influencing their renal excretion and also resulting in the formation of active metabolites. SULT4A1 (sulfotransferase family 4A, member 1), whose alternative names include brain sulfotransferase-like protein, nervous system sulfotransferase, NST, SULTX3, hBR-STL-1, BRSTL1, BR-STL-1, MGC40032 and DJ388M5.3, is a 284 amino acid protein showing cytoplasmic localization. As a member of the sulfotransferase 1 family, SULT4A1 plays a role in elimination of xenobiotics, activation of procarcinogens and regulation of hormones. SULT4A1 is highly expressed in cerebral cortex and frontal lobe, with lower expression in cerebellum, temporal and occipital lobes. Two SULT4A1 isoforms exist to alternative splicing events. The gene encoding SULT4A1 maps to human chromosome 22q13.2, a region which has been implicated in predisposition to schizophrenia.
Function:
SULT4A1 is a member of the sulfotransferase family. It is a brain-specific sulfotransferase believed to be involved in the metabolism of neurotransmitters. It may catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many drugs, xenobiotic compounds, hormones, and neurotransmitters. Polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia. There are two named isoforms.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasmic
Tissue Specificity:
Highly expressed in the cerebral cortex andfrontal lobe, slightly less in the cerebellum, occipital andtemporal lobes, relatively low in the medulla and putamen, andlowest in the spinal cord. No expression detected in the pancreas(PubMed:10698717). Highly expressed in fetal brain and occipitallobe, slightly less in the whole brain, frontal lobe, hippocampus,and lung, very low expression in cerebellum, medulla oblongata,temporal lobe, testis, kidney and appendix (PubMed:12039030).
Similarity:
Belongs to the sulfotransferase 1 family.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 618738 Cow
Entrez Gene: 25830 Human
Entrez Gene: 29859 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 100009444 Rabbit
Entrez Gene: 58953 Rat
Omim: 608359 Human
SwissProt: Q9BR01 Human
SwissProt: P63046 Mouse
SwissProt: P63047 Rat
Unigene: 189810 Human
Unigene: 248796 Mouse
Unigene: 162965 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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