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Rabbit Anti-PPP2R2B/PP2A-B55/FITC Conjugated antibody
background:
In eukaryotes, the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins on serine and threonine residues is an essential means of regulating a broad range of cellular functions, including division, homeostasis and apoptosis. A group of proteins that are intimately involved in this process are the protein phosphatases. In general, the protein phosphatase (PP) holoenzyme is a trimeric complex composed of a regulatory subunit, a variable subunit and a catalytic subunit. Four major families of protein phosphatase catalytic subunits have been identified, designated PP1, PP2A, PP2B (calcineurin) and PP2C. An additional protein phosphatase catalytic subunit, PPX (also known as PP4) is a putative member of a novel PP family. The PP2A family comprises subfamily members PP2Aå and PP2A∫. The PP2A catalytic subunit associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The B family of regulatory subunits (including B55, B56 and PR72/130 subfamilies) is believed to participate in substrate specificity and catalytic activity. PP2A-B55, also known as PP2A regulatory subunit subfamily B55 or PP2A-B1, is a B subfamily consisting of four B55 isoforms (Alpha,Beta, Gamma and Delta) encoded by four distinct genes.
Function:
The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also might direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment. Within the PP2A holoenzyme complex, isoform 2 is required to promote proapoptotic activity (By similarity). Isoform 2 regulates neuronal survival through the mitochondrial fission and fusion balance.
Subunit:
PP2A consists of a common heterodimeric core enzyme,composed of a 36 kDa catalytic subunit (subunit C) and a 65 kDaconstant regulatory subunit (PR65 or subunit A), that associateswith a variety of regulatory subunits. Proteins that associate withthe core dimer include three families of regulatory subunits B (theR2/B/PR55/B55, R3/B''/PR72/PR130/PR59 and R5/B'/B56 families), the48 kDa variable regulatory subunit, viral proteins, and cellsignaling molecules.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm. cytoskeleton. Membrane and Cytoplasm. Mitochondrion. Mitochondrion outer membrane. Under basal conditions, localizes to both cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments. Relocalizes from the cytosolic to the mitochondrial compartment during apoptosis. Its targeting to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) involves an association with import receptors of the TOM complex and is required to promote proapoptotic activity.
Tissue Specificity:
Brain.
DISEASE:
Defects in PPP2R2B are the cause of spinocerebellar ataxia type 12 (SCA12) [MIM:604326]. Spinocerebellar ataxia is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of cerebellar disorders. Patients show progressive incoordination of gait and often poor coordination of hands, speech and eye movements, due to degeneration of the cerebellum with variable involvement of the brainstem and spinal cord. SCA12 is an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA).
Similarity:
Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B family.
Contains 7 WD repeats.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 5521 Human
Entrez Gene: 72930 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 60660 Rat
Omim: 604325 Human
SwissProt: Q00005 Human
SwissProt: Q6ZWR4 Mouse
SwissProt: P36877 Rat
Unigene: 655213 Human
Unigene: 26134 Mouse
Unigene: 44437 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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