background:
Na-K-Cl cotransporters (NKCC) are channel proteins that aid in the transcellular movement of chloride across both secretory and absorptive epithelia. NKCC1 is expressed in muscle cells, neurons, and red blood cells. In the basolateral membrane of secretory epithelia, NKCC1 mediates active chloride secretion. The gene encoding human NKCC1 maps to chromosome 5q23.3. In mice, disruption of the NKCC1 gene leads to deafness and impaired balance. NKCC2 is specifically expressed in the kidney where it mediates active reabsorption of sodium chloride in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. NKCC2 is sensitive to the clinically important diuretics furosemide and bumetanide. The gene encoding human NKCC2 maps to chromosome 15q15-q21 and mutations in this gene lead to Bartter’s syndrome, an inherited hypokalaemic alkalosis. NCCT is a thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter that is primarily expressed in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney where it accounts for a significant fraction of net renal sodium reabsorption. The gene for human NCCT map to chromosome 16q13. Mutations in the gene encoding NCCT cause Gitelman’s syndrome, a subset of Bartter’s syndrome.
Function:
Electrically silent transporter system. Mediates sodium and chloride reabsorption. Plays a vital role in the regulation of ionic balance and cell volume.
Subcellular Location:
Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
Tissue Specificity:
Expressed in many tissues.
Post-translational modifications:
Phosphorylated upon DNA damage, probably by ATM or ATR.
Similarity:
Belongs to the SLC12A transporter family.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 471620 Chimpanzee
Entrez Gene: 286845 Cow
Entrez Gene: 481490 Dog
Entrez Gene: 6558 Human
Entrez Gene: 20496 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 100516960 Pig
Entrez Gene: 83629 Rat
Omim: 600168 Human
SwissProt: P55011 Human
SwissProt: P55012 Mouse
Unigene: 162585 Human
Unigene: 712970 Human
Unigene: 399997 Mouse
Unigene: 11523 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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