background:
It has long been known that the overexpression of either Wnt-1 or the GLI proteins results in cancer; however, the molecular basis for this transformation was poorly understood. The Wnt-1 and GLI proteins have now been placed in a signaling cascade downstream of the mammalian homologs of the Drosophila hedgehog and patched proteins. The Drosophila segment polarity gene hedgehog (hh) encodes a secreted protein that appears to function in embryonic and imaginal disc patterning. The ptc gene, also identified as a Drosophila segment polarity gene, encodes the transmembrane protein patched, the expression of which is precisely regulated during embryonic development. Hedgehog has been shown to enhance the expression of the Wnt family of proteins through a signaling cascade involving the GLI transcription factors, while patched functions as a repressor opposing the effects of hedgehog. Mutations in the ptc gene, which result in unregulated hedgehog signaling, have been correlated with the most common type of cancer, basal cell carcinoma, which affects 750,000 individuals annually in the United States alone.
Function:
FunctionActs as a transcriptional activator. May play a role during embryogenesis. Binds to the DNA sequence 5'-GAACCACCCA-3' which is part of the TRE-2S regulatory element that augments the Tax-dependent enhancer of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. Implicated in the transduction of SHH signal.
Subunit:
Interaction with ZIC
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus.
Post-translational modifications:
Phosphorylated in vitro by ULK3.
DISEASE:
Defects in GLI2 are the cause of holoprosencephaly type 9 (HPE9) [MIM:610829]; also called pituitary anomalies with holoprosencephaly-like features. The primary features of this disease include defective anterior pituitary formation and pan-hypopituitarism, with or without overt forebrain cleavage abnormalities, and holoprosencephaly-like midfacial hypoplasia. Holoprosencephaly is the most common structural anomaly of the brain, in which the developing forebrain fails to correctly separate into right and left hemispheres. Holoprosencephaly is genetically heterogeneous and associated with several distinct facies and phenotypic variability.
Similarity:
Belongs to the GLI C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.
Contains 5 C2H2-type zinc fingers.
Database links:
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P10070.4
Entrez Gene: 2736 Human
Entrez Gene: 14633 Mouse
Omim: 165230 Human
SwissProt: P10070 Human
SwissProt: Q0VGT2 Mouse
SwissProt: Q8K0K3 Mouse
Unigene: 111867 Human
Unigene: 273292 Mouse
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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