background:
RSHL3 is predicted to be a component of the radial spoke head based on homology with proteins in the biflagellate alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and other ciliates. RSHL3 (radial spoke head-like protein 3), also known as radial spoke head protein 4 homolog A, is a 716 amino acid protein that belongs to the flagellar radial spoke RSP4/6 family. Mutations in the RSHL3 gene cause primary ciliary dyskinesia 1, a disease arising from dysmotility of motile cilia and sperm. Existing as three alternatively spliced isoforms, the RSHL3 gene contains 6 exons, is conserved in chimpanzee, dog, cow, mouse, rat, chicken, zebrafish, fruit fly and P.falciparum, and maps to human chromosome 6q22.1.
Function:
Probable component of the axonemal radial spoke head. Radial spokes are regularly spaced along cilia, sperm and flagella axonemes. They consist of a thin stalk which is attached to a subfiber of the outer doublet microtubule, and a bulbous head which is attached to the stalk and appears to interact with the projections from the central pair of microtubules.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm; cytoskeleton; cilium axoneme. Radial spoke.
Tissue Specificity:
Defects in RSPH4A are the cause of primary ciliary dyskinesia type 11 (CILD11) [MIM:612649]. CILD is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by axonemal abnormalities of motile cilia. Respiratory infections leading to chronic inflammation and bronchiectasis are recurrent, due to defects in the respiratory cilia; reduced fertility is often observed in male patients due to abnormalities of sperm tails. Half of the patients exhibit situs inversus, due to dysfunction of monocilia at the embryonic node and randomization of left-right body asymmetry. Primary ciliary dyskinesia associated with situs inversus is referred to as Kartagener syndrome.
DISEASE:
Defects in RSPH4A are the cause of primary ciliary dyskinesia type 11 (CILD11) [MIM:612649]. CILD is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by axonemal abnormalities of motile cilia. Respiratory infections leading to chronic inflammation and bronchiectasis are recurrent, due to defects in the respiratory cilia; reduced fertility is often observed in male patients due to abnormalities of sperm tails. Half of the patients exhibit situs inversus, due to dysfunction of monocilia at the embryonic node and randomization of left-right body asymmetry. Primary ciliary dyskinesia associated with situs inversus is referred to as Kartagener syndrome.
Similarity:
Belongs to the flagellar radial spoke RSP4/6 family.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 345895 Human
Omim: 612647 Human
SwissProt: Q5TD94 Human
Unigene: 160380 Human
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
Kartagener综合征:由下列三联症组成，支气管扩张、鼻窦炎或鼻息肉及内脏反位(主要是右位心）。若仅具备内脏反位及支气管扩张两项，则为不全性Kartagener综合征。常合并其他先天性畸形。其病因是由于全身纤毛先天性缺乏轴丝臂，引起纤毛活动力丧失、黏液纤毛运输功能障碍，分泌物和细菌潴留而发生持续性感染长期存在所致。以学龄儿童及青少年多发，有家族史。主要症状为随年龄加重的咳嗽、咳痰和咯血，晨起明显，易患感冒及肺炎，常见体征为发绀和杵状指。
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