background:
Synaptotagmins are a large family of synaptic vesicle type III integral membrane proteins that function as regulators of both exocytosis and endocytosis and are involved in neurotransmitter secretion from small secretory vesicles. Synaptotagmin XI, also known as SYT11 (Synaptotagmin-11), is a 431 amino acid protein that localizes to the membrane and is expressed ubiquitously with highest expression in brain and lung. Like other Synaptotagmin proteins, Synaptotagmin XI is involved in the calcium-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles and is thought to act as a calcium sensor during vesicular trafficking. Synaptotagmin XI contains two C2 domains through which it can bind either three calcium ions or the zinc-finger protein Parkin (a juvenile Parkinson’s disease gene product), the latter of which causes the polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation of Synaptotagmin XI by the proteasome complex. Defects in the gene encoding Synaptotagmin XI are implicated in a number of neurological disorders, including schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease.
Function:
May be involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain or may serve as Ca(2+) sensors in the process of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis.
Subunit:
Homodimer. Can also form heterodimers. Interacts with PARK2.
Subcellular Location:
Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. Cell junction, synapse. Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, synaptic vesicle membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. Note=In substantia nigra, observed in neuronal cell bodies and neurites. Found in the core of the Lewy bodies in the brain of sporadic Parkinson disease patients.
Post-translational modifications:
Ubiquitinated and targeted to the proteasome complex for degradation.
Similarity:
Belongs to the synaptotagmin family.
Contains 2 C2 domains.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 2648 Human
Entrez Gene: 229521 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 60568 Rat
Omim: 608741 Human
SwissProt: Q9BT88 Human
SwissProt: Q9R0N3 Mouse
SwissProt: O08835 Rat
Unigene: 32984 Human
Unigene: 379376 Mouse
Unigene: 1965 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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