background:
The Rho proteins interact directly with protein kinases which are likely to serve as downstream effector targets of the activated GTPase. The Rho family of GTPases are involved in the regulation of the actin skeleton. Activation of Rho to the GTP bound state promotes formation of stress fibers and is required for the formation and maintenance of focal adhesions. Pathways stimulated by cytokines, hormones and various forms of stress utilize p21 proteins of the Rho family. Possible mediators for these responses include protein kinase such as p120PKN, and p150 ROKa/Rho-A kinase, myosin light chain (MLC) phosphatase and PIP 5-kinase.
Function:
Mediates apoptosis in neoplastically transformed cells after DNA damage. Not essential for development but affects cell adhesion and growth factor signaling in transformed cells. Plays a negative role in tumorigenesis as deletion causes tumor formation. Involved in intracellular protein trafficking of a number of proteins. Targets PKN1 to endosomes and is involved in trafficking of the EGF receptor from late endosomes to lysosomes. Also required for stability and nuclear trafficking of AKT1/AKT which promotes endothelial cell survival during vascular development. Serves as a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis. Required for genotoxic stress-induced cell death in breast cancer cells.
Subunit:
Binds ROCK1 and ROCK2. Also binds PKN1/PRK1. Interacts with ARGGEF3, RTKN and AKAP13.
Subcellular Location:
Rho A: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side. Cytoplasm; cytoskeleton. Rho B: Late endosome membrane; Lipid-anchor. Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor. Nucleus. Rho C: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side.
Post-translational modifications:
Prenylation specifies the subcellular location of RHOB. The farnesylated form is localized to the plasma membrane while the geranylgeranylated form is localized to the endosome.
Similarity:
Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rho family.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 395734 Chicken
Entrez Gene: 515118 Cow
Entrez Gene: 388 Human
Entrez Gene: 11852 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 100144503 Pig
Entrez Gene: 64373 Rat
Omim: 165370 Human
SwissProt: Q3ZBW5 Cow
SwissProt: P62745 Human
SwissProt: P62746 Mouse
SwissProt: P62747 Rat
Unigene: 502876 Human
Unigene: 687 Mouse
Unigene: 2042 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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