background:
The Toll-like Receptors (TLR) are a family of human receptors that share homology with the Drosophila Toll Receptors, which are involved in mediating dorsoventral polarization in developing Drosophila embryos and participate in host immunity. The TLR family members are characterized by a highly conserved Toll homology (TH) domain, which is essential for Toll-induced signal transductions. TLRs are type I transmembrane receptors that contain an extracellular domain consisting of several leucine-rich regions and a single cytoplasmic Toll/IL-1R like domain. Three TLR family members, TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9, belong to a subfamily of TLRs which are differentially expressed. TLR7 is expressed in lung, placenta and spleen. TLR8 is expressed in lung and peripheral blood leukocytes, and TLR9 is predominantly expressed in spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow and peripheral blood leukocytes. TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 stimulate the NFkB signaling pathway, suggesting that they play a role in the immune response.
Function:
Key component of innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs (Toll-like receptors) control host immune response against pathogens through recognition of molecular patterns specific of microorganisms. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response.
Subunit:
Interacts with MYD88 via their respective TIR domains. Interacts with UNC93B1 (By similarity). Interacts with BTK.
Subcellular Location:
Membrane.
Tissue Specificity:
Detected in brain, heart, lung, liver, placenta, in monocytes, and at lower levels in CD11c+ immature dendritic cells.
Similarity:
Belongs to the Toll-like receptor family.
Contains 23 LRR (leucine-rich) repeats.
Contains 1 LRRCT domain.
Contains 1 TIR domain.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 51311 Human
Entrez Gene: 170744 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 68488 Rat
Omim: 300366 Human
SwissProt: Q9NR97 Human
SwissProt: P58682 Mouse
Unigene: 660543 Human
Unigene: 196676 Mouse
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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