background:
Replication factor C (RFC) is an essential DNA polymerase accessory protein that is required for numerous aspects of DNA metabolism, including DNA replication, DNA repair and telomere metabolism. RFC is a heteropentameric complex that recognizes a primer on a template DNA, binds to a primer terminus and loads proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA at primer-template junctions in an ATP-dependent reaction. All five of the RFC subunits share a set of related sequences (RFC boxes) that include nucleotide-binding consensus sequences. Four of the five RFC genes (including RFC1, RFC2, RFC3 and RFC4) have consensus ATP-binding motifs. The small RFC proteins, RFC2, RFC3, RFC4 and RFC5, interact with Rad24, whereas the RFC1 subunit does not. RFC1 is a substrate for caspase-3 in vitro and is cleaved by a caspase-3-like protease during FAS-mediated apoptosis. In addition, phosphorylation of the PCNA binding domain of RFC1 by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibits DNA synthesis. The human RFC1 gene maps to chromosome 4p14 and encodes the RFC1 subunit.
Function:
The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and epsilon requires the action of the accessory proteins PCNA and activator 1. This subunit binds to the primer-template junction. Binds the PO-B transcription element as well as other GA rich DNA sequences. Could play a role in DNA transcription regulation as well as DNA replication and/or repair. Can bind single- or double-stranded DNA.
Interacts with SLCterminus of PCNA. 5' phosphate residue is required for binding of the N-terminal DNA-binding domain to duplex DNA, suggesting a role in recognition of non-primer template DNA structures during replication and/or repair.
Subunit:
Heterotetramer of subunits RFC2, RFC3, RFC4 and RFC5 that can form a complex either with RFC1 or with RAD17. The former interacts with PCNA in the presence of ATP, while the latter has ATPase activity but is not stimulated by PCNA.
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus.
Tissue Specificity:
Wide tissue distribution. Undetectable in placental tissue.
Post-translational modifications:
Phosphorylated upon DNA damage, probably by ATM or ATR.
Similarity:
Belongs to the activator 1 large subunit family.
Contains 1 BRCT domain.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 422788 Chicken
Entrez Gene: 5981 Human
Entrez Gene: 19687 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 81969 Rat
Omim: 102579 Human
SwissProt: P35251 Human
SwissProt: P35601 Mouse
Unigene: 507475 Human
Unigene: 148877 Mouse
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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