background:
RSAD2 is a 361 amino acid protein that is involved in antiviral defense against pathogens such as Hep C, Cytomegalovirus and HISLV1. Localized to the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum and relocated to the Golgi apparatus upon viral infection, RSAD2 is thought to prevent viral budding by disrupting lipid rafts at the plasma membrane and supporting the Interferon-induced antiviral state of the cell. Additionally, RSAD2 can bind to and inactivate FDPS (an enzyme that is crucial for the synthesis of cholesterol and geranylated and farnesylated proteins), thereby playing a role in lipid synthesis. Overexpression of RSAD2 leads to abnormal lipid accumulation that is associated with atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by hardened arteries.
Function:
Involved in antiviral defense. May impair virus budding by disrupting lipid rafts at the plasma membrane, a feature which is essential for the budding process of many viruses. Acts through binding with and inactivating FPPS, an enzyme involved in synthesis of cholesterol, farnesylated and geranylated proteins, ubiquinones dolichol and heme. Plays a major role in the cell antiviral state induced by type I and type II interferon. Displays antiviral effect against HISLV1 virus, hepatitis C virus, human cytomegalovirus, and aphaviruses, but not vesiculovirus.
Subunit:
Homodimer. Interacts with IRAK1 and TRAF6 (By similarity). Interacts with FPPS. Interacts with human cytomegalovirus/HHSLV5 protein vMIA/UL37; this interaction results in RSAD2/viperin relocalization from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria. Interacts with HADHB. Interacts (via SLCterminus) with VAPA/VAP33 (via SLCterminus) and inhibits its interaction with hepatitis virus C (HCV) protein NS5A.
Subcellular Location:
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Golgi apparatus. Probably associates with the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum. Infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes relocation to the Golgi apparatus and to cytoplasmic vacuoles which also contain HCMV proteins glycoprotein B and pp28.
Similarity:
Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. RSAD2 family.
Database links:
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: Q8WXG1.1
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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