background:
Breaks in double stranded DNA often arise during DNA replication or as a result of exposure to DNA-damaging agents. Quick and accurate repair of these breaks is crucial for cell survival and genomic stability. Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family members form heterodimeric complexes that modulate sister chromatid cohesion and chromosome condensation during mitosis. SMC5 and SMC6 play a crucial role in DNA repair as they form a complex with six conserved nonSMC subunits, including a ubiquitin E3 ligase NSE1 and a SUMO ligase NSE2. Specifically, this complex is crucial for sister chromatid homologous recombination DNA repair and also for prevention of chromosomal rearrangements. The NSE1 protein contains a RING-like motif that promotes DNA repair functions of the SMC5/SMC6 complex and full deletion of NSE1 is lethal to cells. NSE2 stimulates sumoylation of SMC6 and the DNA repair protein TRAX. Depletion of the NSE2 protein by RNA interference leaves the cell vulnerable to DNA damage-induced apoptosis.
Function:
E3 SUMO-protein ligase component of the SMC5-SMC6 complex, a complex involved in DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination. The complex may promote sister chromatid homologous recombination by recruiting the SMC1-SMC3 cohesin complex to double-strand breaks. Acts as a E3 ligase mediating SUMO attachment to various proteins such as SMC6L1 and TRAX, and maybe the cohesin components RAD21 and STAG2. SUMO protein-ligase activity is required for the prevention of DNA damage-induced apoptosis by facilitating DNA repair.
Subunit:
Component of the SMC5-SMC6 complex which consists at least of SMC5, SMC6, NSMCE2, NSMCE1, NSMCE4A or EID3 and NDNL2.
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus.Chromosome, telomere. Note=Localizes to PML nuclear bodies in ALT cell lines.
Post-translational modifications:
Sumoylated, possibly via autosumoylation.
Similarity:
Belongs to the NSE2 family.
Contains 1 SP-RING-type zinc finger.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 286053 Human
SwissProt: Q96MF7 Human
Unigene: 388297 Human
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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