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Rabbit Anti-ENAH/FITC Conjugated antibody
background:
EVL is an Actin-binding protein that belongs to the Mena/VASP protein family. EVL is expressed in filopodial tips and localizes to the edge of the lamellipodia and focal adhesions. In epithelial cells, EVL localizes to the membrane of the lateral domain. EVL contains an N-terminal EVH1 domain, a proline-rich core and a SLCterminal EVH2 domain. Via its proline-rich domain, EVL interacts with the SH3 domain of spectrin a II and the LIM domain of TES. EVL is closely related to VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) and Mena (for mammalian enabled protein). Mena is highly expressed in the developing nervous system and may be involved in growth cone motility and axon guidance; VASP is involved in the maintenance of cyto-architecture by interacting with Actin-like filaments. All three proteins, EVL, Mena and VASP, are involved in cell motility and the regulation of cytoskeletal organization and dynamics.
Function:
Ena/VASP proteins are actin-associated proteins involved in a range of processes dependent on cytoskeleton remodeling and cell polarity such as axon guidance and lamellipodial and filopodial dynamics in migrating cells. ENAH induces the formation of F-actin rich outgrowths in fibroblasts. Acts synergistically with BAIAP2-alpha and downstream of NTN1 to promote filipodia formation. Required for the actin-based mobility of Listeria monocytogenes.
Subunit:
Homotetramer. Interacts with APBB1IP, APBB1, PFN1 and ROBO4. Isoforms, containing the polyproline-rich regions with PPLP motifs, bind the WW domain of APBB1IP. Isoforms, containing the PPSY motif, bind, in vitro, to the WW2 and WW3 domains of NEDD4 and to the WW1 domain of YAP1. Binds the SH3 domain of BAIAP2-alpha but only after the autoinhibitory region of BAIAP2-alpha has been blocked by interaction with CDC42. Interacts, via the EVH1/WH1 domain, with the Pro-rich domains from VCL, ZYX and Listeria monocytogenes actA and with TES (via LIM domains). The TES LIM domain and the Pro-rich domains from VCL or ZYX compete for the same binding site. Interaction with ZYX is important for targeting ENAH to focal adhesions and enhances production of actin-rich structures at the apical surface of cells. Interacts, through the Pro-rich region, with the SLCterminal SH3 domain of DNMPB. Binds GPHN. Interacts with FAT1 (via EVH1 domains). Heterotrimer with TES and ACTL7A.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cell projection, lamellipodium. Cell projection, filopodium. Cell junction, synapse. Cell junction, focal adhesion. Note=Targeted to the leading edge of lamellipodia and filopodia by MRL family members. Colocalizes at filopodial tips with a number of other proteins including vinculin and zyxlin. Colocalizes with N-WASP at the leading edge. Colocalizes with GPHN and PFN at synapses.
Tissue Specificity:
Expressed in myoepithelia of parotid, breast, bronchial glands and sweat glands. Expressed in colon-rectum muscolaris mucosae epithelium, pancreas acinar ductal epithelium, endometrium epithelium, prostate fibromuscolar stroma and placenta vascular media. Overexpressed in a majority of breast cancer cell lines and primary breast tumor lesions.
Post-translational modifications:
NTN1-induced PKA phosphorylation on Ser-265 directly parallels the formation of filopodial protrusions.
Phosphorylated upon DNA damage, probably by ATM or ATR.
Similarity:
Belongs to the Ena/VASP family.
Contains 1 WH1 domain.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 55740 Human
Entrez Gene: 2760 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 72891 Rat
Omim: 609061 Human
SwissProt: Q8N8S7 Human
SwissProt: Q03173 Mouse
Unigene: 497893 Human
Unigene: 389224 Mouse
Unigene: 87759 Mouse
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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