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Rabbit Anti-BST2/FITC Conjugated antibody
background:
Bone marrow stromal cells act as regulators for B-cell growth and development through their surface molecules and cytokines. Bone marrow stromal antigen-2 (BST-2), also designated CD317 antigen, is a single- pass type II membrane protein. BST-2, which is expressed mainly on synovial cell lines and bone marrow stromal cell lines, is primarily expressed in liver, heart, placenta and lung tissues. BST-2 is thought to be involved in pre-B cell growth. It has been implicated in B cell activation in rheumatoid arthritis.
Function:
IFN-induced antiviral host restriction factor which efficiently blocks the release of diverse mammalian enveloped viruses by directly tethering nascent virions to the membranes of infected cells. Acts as a direct physical tether, holding virions to the cell membrane and linking virions to each other. The tethered virions can be internalized by endocytosis and subsequently degraded or they can remain on the cell surface. In either case, their spread as cell-free virions is restricted. Its target viruses belong to diverse families, including retroviridae: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HISLV1), human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HISLV2), simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), prototype foamy virus (PFV), Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV), human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLSLV1), Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and murine leukemia virus (MLV), flavivirideae: hepatitis C virus (HCV), filoviridae: ebola virus (EBOV) and marburg virus (MARV), arenaviridae: lassa virus (LASV) and machupo virus (MACV), herpesviridae: kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), rhabdoviridae: vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), orthomyxoviridae: influenza A virus, and paramyxoviridae: nipah virus. Can inhibit cell surface proteolytic activity of MMP14 causing decreased activation of MMP15 which results in inhibition of cell growth and migration. Can stimulate signaling by LILRA4/ILT7 and consequently provide negative feedback to the production of IFN by plasmacytoid dendritic cells in response to viral infection. Plays a role in the organization of the subapical actin cytoskeleton in polarized epithelial cells.
Subunit:
Parallel homodimer; disulfide-linked. May form homotetramers under reducing conditions. Dimerization is essential for its antiviral activity. Interacts (via cytoplasmic domain) with ARHGAP44 (By similarity). Interacts with MMP14 (via SLCterminal cytoplasmic tail). Interacts with LILRA4/ILT7. Interacts (via transmembrane domain) with HISLV1 VPU (via transmembrane domain). Interacts with HISLV2 ENV and ebola GP protein.
Subcellular Location:
Golgi apparatus; trans-Golgi network. Cell membrane. Cell membrane. Late endosome. Targeted to late endosomes upon KSHV infection and subsequent ubiquitination. Targeted to the trans-Golgi network by viral VPU protein.
Tissue Specificity:
Predominantly expressed in liver, lung, heart and placenta. Lower levels in pancreas, kidney, skeletal muscle and brain. Overexpressed in multiple myeloma cells. Highly expressed during B-cell development, from pro-B precursors to plasma cells. Highly expressed on T-cells, monocytes, NK cells and dendritic cells (at protein level).
Post-translational modifications:
Monoubiquitinated by KSHV E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase K5, leading to its targeting to late endosomes and degradation.
The GPI anchor is essential for its antiviral activity.
Similarity:
Belongs to the tetherin family.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 684 Human
Omim: 600534 Human
SwissProt: Q10589 Human
Unigene: 118110 Human
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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