background:
Calmodulin consists of two glycoproteins, 34 and 39 kDa, sometimes designated epithelial antigen, epithelial specific antigen, and epithelial glycoprotein. The glycoproteins are located on the cell membrane surface and in the cytoplasm of virtually all epithelial cells with the exception of most squamous epithelia, hepatocytes, renal proximal tubular cells, gastric parietal cells and myoepithelial cells. Epithelial Calmodulin is found in the large majority of adenocarcinomas of most sites (50-100% in various studies; as well as neuroendocrine tumours, including small cell carcinoma. Renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma stain in about 30% of the cases. Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes and other proteins by Ca(2+). Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin Ca(2+) complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. Calmodulin has four functional calcium binding sites.
Subunit:
Interacts with MYO1C and RRAD. Interacts with MYO10 (By similarity). Interacts with CEP97, CEP110, TTN/titin and SRY. Interacts with USP6; the interaction is calcium dependent. Interacts with CDK5RAP2. Interacts with SCN5A. Interacts with RYR1 and RYR2.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole. Note=Distributed throughout the cell during interphase, but during mitosis becomes dramatically localized to the spindle poles and the spindle microtubules.
Similarity:
Belongs to the calmodulin family. Contains 4 EF-hand domains.
Database links:
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P62158.2
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
钙离子调节素（calmodulin,CaM）: 钙调蛋白（CaM），是由一条多肽链组成的单体蛋白。可结合4个Ca2+，胞浆Ca2+浓度≥10-2mmol/L时，Ca2+与CaM结合，构象改变而激活Ca2+ -CaM激酶。
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