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Rabbit Anti-Nucleophosmin/FITC Conjugated antibody
background:
This gene encodes a phosphoprotein which moves between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The gene product is thought to be involved in several processes including regulation of the ARF/p53 pathway. A number of genes are fusion partners have been characterized, in particular the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene on chromosome 2. Mutations in this gene are associated with acute myeloid leukemia. More than a dozen pseudogenes of this gene have been identified. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009].
Function:
Involved in diverse cellular processes such as ribosome biogenesis, centrosome duplication, protein chaperoning, histone assembly, cell proliferation, and regulation of tumor suppressors p53/TP53 and ARF. Binds ribosome presumably to drive ribosome nuclear export. Associated with nucleolar ribonucleoprotein structures and bind single-stranded nucleic acids. Acts as a chaperonin for the core histones H3, H2B and H4. Stimulates APEX1 endonuclease activity on apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) double-stranded DNA but inhibits APEX1 endonuclease activity on AP single-stranded RNA. May exert a control of APEX1 endonuclease activity within nucleoli devoted to repair AP on rDNA and the removal of oxidized rRNA molecules.
Subunit:
Decamer formed by two pentameric rings associated in a head-to-head fashion. Disulfide-linked dimers under certain conditions. The SWAP complex consists of NPM1, NCL, PARP1 and SWAP70 (By similarity). Interacts with NSUN2 and SENP3. Interacts with hepatitis delta virus S-HDAg. Interacts with HTLV1 Rex protein (via N-terminal nuclear localization signal). Interacts with the methylated form of RPS10. Interacts (via N-terminal domain) with APEX1; the interaction is RNA-dependent and decreases in hydrogen peroxide-damaged cells.
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus, nucleolus. Nucleus, nucleoplasm. Note=Generally nucleolar, but is translocated to the nucleoplasm in case of serum starvation or treatment with anticancer drugs. Has been found in the cytoplasm in patients with primary acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), but not with secondary AML. Can shuttle between cytoplasm and nucleus. Co-localizes with the methylated form of RPS10 in the granular component (GC) region of the nucleolus. Colocalized with nucleolin and APEX1 in nucleoli.
Post-translational modifications:
Acetylated at SLCterminal lysine residues, thereby increasing affinity to histones.
ADP-ribosylated.
Phosphorylated at Ser-4 by PLK1. Phosphorylated by CDK2 at Ser-125 and Thr-199. Phosphorylation at Thr-199 may trigger initiation of centrosome duplication. Phosphorylated by CDK1 at Thr-199, Thr-219, Thr-234 and Thr-237 during cell mitosis. When these four sites are phosphorated, RNA-binding activity seem to be abolished. May be phosphorylated at Ser-70 by NEK2.
Sumoylated by ARF.
DISEASE:
Note=A chromosomal aberration involving NPM1 is found in a form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Translocation t(2;5)(p23;q35) with ALK. The resulting chimeric NPM1-ALK protein homodimerize and the kinase becomes constitutively activated.
Note=A chromosomal aberration involving NPM1 is found in a form of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Translocation t(5;17)(q32;q11) with RARA.
Note=A chromosomal aberration involving NPM1 is a cause of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Translocation t(3;5)(q25.1;q34) with MLF1.
Note=Defects in NPM1 are associated with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Mutations in exon 12 affecting the SLCterminus of the protein are associated with an aberrant cytoplasmic location.
Similarity:
Belongs to the nucleoplasmin family.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 4869 Human
Entrez Gene: 18148 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 25498 Rat
Omim: 112840 Human
SwissProt: P06748 Human
SwissProt: Q61937 Mouse
SwissProt: P13084 Rat
Unigene: 557550 Human
Unigene: 485384 Mouse
Unigene: 54537 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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