background:
The exosome is a multi-protein complex composed of several highly conserved subunits, some of which are 3’ to 5’ exoribonucleases. The complex is involved in a variety of cellular processes and is responsible for degrading unstable mRNAs that contain AU-rich elements (AREs) in their untranslated 3’ regions. DIS3, also known as RRP44, is a 958 amino acid protein that localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus and contains one PINc domain. Widely expressed with highest expression in testis, DIS3 functions as a component of the exosome exoribonuclease complex and is required for processing of 7S pre-RNA into a mature nuclear complex and, ultimately, for proper mitotic progression. Abnormal expression levels of DIS3 may be associated with colon cancer, suggesting a role for DIS3 in tumorigenesis. Multiple isoforms of DIS3 exist due to alternative splicing events.
Function:
Putative cytoplasm-specific catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'->5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the cytoplasm, the RNA exosome complex is involved in general mRNA turnover and specifically degrades inherently unstable mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) within their 3' untranslated regions, and in RNA surveillance pathways, preventing translation of aberrant mRNAs. It seems to be involved in degradation of histone mRNA.
Subunit:
Component of the RNA exosome complex. The catalytically inactive RNA exosome core (Exo-9) complex is believed to associate with catalytic subunits EXOSC10, and DIS3 or DIS3L in cytoplasmic-and nuclear-specific RNA exosome complex forms.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm.
Similarity:
Belongs to the RNR ribonuclease family.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 115752 Human
SwissProt: Q8TF46 Human
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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