background:
The modification of proteins with ubiquitin is an important cellular mechanism for targeting abnormal or short-lived proteins for degradation. Ubiquitination involves at least three classes of enzymes: ubiquitin-activating enzymes, or E1s, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, or E2s, and ubiquitin-protein ligases, or E3s. This gene encodes a member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
Function:
Accepts the ubiquitin-like proteins SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3 and SUMO4 from the UBLE1A-UBLE1B E1 complex and catalyzes their covalent attachment to other proteins with the help of an E3 ligase such as RANBP2 or CBX4. Can catalyze the formation of poly-SUMO chains. Necessary for sumoylation of FOXL2 and KAT5. Essential for nuclear architecture and chromosome segregation.
Subunit:
Interacts with HIPK1, HIPK2, PPM1J, RASD2 and TCF3 Interacts with NR2C1; the interaction promotes its sumoylation (By similarity). Forms a tight complex with RANGAP1 and RANBP2. Interacts with SIAH1 and PARP. Interacts with various transcription factors such as TFAP2A, TFAP2B, TFAP2C, AR, ETS1 and SOX4. Interacts with RWDD3; the interaction enhances the sumoylation of a number of proteins such as HIF1A and I-kappa-B. Interacts with DNMT1. Interacts with FOXL2. Forms a complex with SENP6 and UBE2I in response to UV irradiation. Interacts with human herpesvirus 6 IE2. Interacts with human adenovirus early E1A protein; this interaction interferes with polysumoylation (Probable). Interacts with DNM1l (via its GTPase and B domains); the interaction promotes sumoylation of DNM1L, mainly in its B domain. Interacts with PML-RARA oncoprotein (via the coiled-colied domain); the interaction is required for sumoylation of the PML-RARA oncoprotein. Interacts with IPO13. Interacts with NFATC2IP; this inhibits formation of poly-SUMO chains.
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Mainly nuclear. In spermatocytes, localizes in synaptonemal complexes. Recruited by BCL11A into the nuclear body.
Tissue Specificity:
Expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, pancreas, kidney, liver, lung, placenta and brain. Also expressed in testis and thymus.
Similarity:
Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 7329 Human
Entrez Gene: 10004980 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 22196 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 25573 Rat
Omim: 601661 Human
SwissProt: P63279 Human
SwissProt: P63280 Mouse
SwissProt: P63281 Rat
Unigene: 302903 Human
Unigene: 48044 Mouse
Unigene: 384234 Mouse
Unigene: 442797 Mouse
Unigene: 2274 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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