background:
Facilitator of innate immune signaling that promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm. Able to activate both NF-kappa-B and IRF3 transcription pathways to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti-viral state following expression. May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons. May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHSLCII). Mediates death signaling via activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway.
Function:
Facilitator of innate immune signaling that promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm. Able to activate both NF-kappa-B and IRF3 transcription pathways to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti-viral state following expression. May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons. May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHSLCII). Mediates death signaling via activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway.
Subunit:
Associates with the MHSLCII complex (By similarity). Homodimer; 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination at Lys-150 is required for homodimerization. Interacts with DDX58/RIG-I, MAVS and SSR2. Interacts with RNF5 and TRIM56. Interacts with TBK1; when homodimer, leading to subsequent production of IFN-beta. Interacts with IFIT1 and IFIT2.
Subcellular Location:
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Mitochondrion outer membrane. Cell membrane. Cytoplasm > perinuclear region. In response to double-stranded DNA stimulation, relocalizes to perinuclear region, where the kinase TBK1 is recruited.
Tissue Specificity:
Ubiquitously expressed.
Post-translational modifications:
Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues upon MHSLCII aggregation (By similarity). Phosphorylated on Ser-358 by TBK1, leading to activation and production of IFN-beta.
Ubiquitinated. 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination mediated by TRIM56 at Lys-150 promotes homodimerization and recruitment of the antiviral kinase TBK1 and subsequent production of IFN-beta. 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination at Lys-150 occurring after viral infection is mediated by RNF5 and leads to proteasomal degradation.
Similarity:
Belongs to the TMEM173 family.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 340061 Human
Entrez Gene: 72512 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 498168 Rat
Omim: 612374 Human
SwissProt: Q86WV6 Human
SwissProt: Q3TBT3 Mouse
Unigene: 379754 Human
Unigene: 45995 Mouse
Unigene: 41472 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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