background:
The arrestins are a family of proteins that are important for regulating signal transduction within cells. Arrestins are part of a conserved two step mechanism for regulating the activity of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). In response to a stimulus, GPCRs activate a heterotrimeric G protein. In order to turn off this response, or adapt to a constant stimulus, activated receptors need to be silenced. The first step is phosphorylation by a class of serine/threonine kinases called G protein coupled receptor kinases (GRKs). This phosphorylation specifically marks the activated receptor for arrestin binding. Once arrestin is bound to the receptor it is unable to signal further. Recent research continues to expand the known actions of arrestins, which can bind to other classes of receptors and can directly activate signaling pathways on their own. Different arrestins (visual arrestin (or Arrestin 1), beta-arrestin 1 (or Arrestin 2) and beta-arrestin 2 (or Arrestin 3) can reduce the activity of their target GPCRs in several different ways.
Subunit:
Does not bind TXN (thioredoxin).
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm.
Tissue Specificity:
Highly expressed in skeletal muscle, placenta, kidney, adrenal gland, lymph node, mammary gland, thyroid, and trachea. Very low levels in colon, thymus, spleen, small intestine, bladder and bone marrow. Strong expression in differentiated adipocytes compared to preadipocytes.
Similarity:
Belongs to the arrestin family.
Database links:
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: Q96B67.1
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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