background:
Component of the exosome that has both 3'-5' exonuclease and endonuclease activities. Required for the 3'-processing of the 7S pre-RNA to the mature nuclear complex. As part of nucleoplasmic and probably cytoplasmic forms of the RNA exosome complex, it is involved in RNA processing and turnover. Also associated with the GTPase RAN.
Function:
Putative catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'->5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to the cytoplasm. The RNA exosome may be involved in Ig class switch recombination (CSR) and/or Ig variable region somatic hypermutation (SHM) by targeting AICDA deamination activity to transcribed dsDNA substrates. In the cytoplasm, the RNA exosome complex is involved in general mRNA turnover and specifically degrades inherently unstable mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) within their 3' untranslated regions, and in RNA surveillance pathways, preventing translation of aberrant mRNAs. It seems to be involved in degradation of histone mRNA. DIS3 has both 3'-5' exonuclease and endonuclease activities.
Subunit:
Component of the RNA exosome complex. The catalytically inactive RNA exosome core (Exo-9) complex is believed to associate with catalytic subunits EXOSC10, and DIS3 or DIS3L in cytoplasmic-and nuclear-specific RNA exosome complex forms.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm. Nucleus, nucleolus. Nucleus, nucleoplasm. Nucleus. Note=Predominantly located in the nucleus. According to PubMed:12429849, found in the nucleolus and according to PubMed:20531386, excluded from nucleolus supporting the existence of a nucleolar RNA exosome complex devoid of DIS3.
Tissue Specificity:
Widely expressed.
Similarity:
Belongs to the RNR ribonuclease family.
Contains 1 PINc domain.
Database links:
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: Q9Y2L1.2
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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