background:
Cellular localization: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Golgi apparatus membrane. Cell membrane. Membrane > caveola. Potential hairpin-like structure in the membrane. Membrane protein of caveolae. Tyr-19-phosphorylated form is enriched at sites of cell-cell contact and is translocated to the nucleus in complex with MAPK1 in response to insulin (By similarity). Tyr-27-phosphorylated form is located both in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. CAV1-mediated Ser-23-phosphorylated form locates to the plasma membrane. Ser-36-phosphorylated form resides in intracellular compartments.
Function:
May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolarmembranes. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and canfunctionally regulate their activity. Acts as an accessory proteinin conjunction with CAV1 in targeting to lipid rafts and drivingcaveolae formation. The Ser-36 phosphorylated form has a role inmodulating mitosis in endothelial cells. Positive regulator ofcellular mitogenesis of the MAPK signaling pathway. Required forthe insulin-stimulated nuclear translocation and activation ofMAPK1 and STAT3, and the subsequent regulation of cell cycleprogression (By similarity).
Subunit:
Monomer or homodimer. Interacts with CAV1; theinteraction forms a stable heterooligomeric complex that isrequired for targeting to lipid rafts and for caveolae formation.Tyrosine phosphorylated forms do not form heterooligomers with theTyr-19-phosphorylated form existing as a monomer or dimer, and theTyr-27-form as a monomer only. Interacts (tyrosine phosphorylatedform) with the SH2 domain-containing proteins, RASA1, NCK1 and SRC.Interacts (tyrosine phosphorylated form) with INSR, the interaction(Tyr-27-phosphorylated form) is increased on insulin stimulation.Interacts (Tyr-19 phosphorylated form) with MAPK1 (phosphorylatedform); the interaction, promoted by insulin, leads to nuclearlocation and MAPK1 activation. Interacts with STAT3; theinteraction is increased on insulin-induced tyrosinephosphorylation leading to STAT activation (By similarity).
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Golgi apparatusmembrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Cell membrane; Peripheralmembrane protein. Membrane, caveola; Peripheral membrane protein.Note=Potential hairpin-like structure in the membrane. Membraneprotein of caveolae. Tyr-19-phosphorylated form is enriched atsites of cell-cell contact and is translocated to the nucleus incomplex with MAPK1 in response to insulin (By similarity).Tyr-27-phosphorylated form is located both in the cytoplasm andplasma membrane. CAV1-mediated Ser-23-phosphorylated form locatesto the plasma membrane. Ser-36-phosphorylated form resides inintracellular compartments.
Tissue Specificity:
Expressed in endothelial cells, smooth musclecells, skeletal myoblasts and fibroblasts.
Post-translational modifications:
Phosphorylated on serine and tyrosine residues. CAV1 promotesphosphorylation on Ser-23 which then targets the complex to theplasma membrane, lipid rafts and caveolae. Phosphorylation onSer-36 appears to modulate mitosis in endothelial cells (Bysimilarity). Phosphorylation on both Tyr-19 and Tyr-27 is requiredfor insulin-induced 'Ser-727' phosphorylation of STAT3 and itsactivation. Phosphorylation on Tyr-19 is required forinsulin-induced phosphorylation of MAPK1 and DNA binding of STAT3.Tyrosine phosphorylation is induced by both EGF and insulin (Bysimilarity).
Similarity:
Belongs to the caveolin family.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 858 Human
Entrez Gene: 12390 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 100362824 Rat
Entrez Gene: 363425 Rat
Omim: 601048 Human
SwissProt: P51636 Human
SwissProt: Q9WVC3 Mouse
SwissProt: Q2IBC5 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
Caveolin是细胞生长相关信号途径及肿瘤发生发展过程中重要的抑制因子，Caveolae是细胞膜内的特殊膜结构，参与包括细胞的分子运输、细胞粘附和信号转导在内的多种细胞活动。Caveolin-1是Caveolae中重要的结构蛋白，抑制细胞生长，与多种人类肿瘤发生发展相关的信号分子相互作用。Caveolin在信号转导的整合中起支架蛋白的作用。Caveolin构成了一个蛋白家族，他们是细胞质膜中发夹样结构域的主要结构成分。Caveolin在信号转导的整合中起支架蛋白的作用。至今已经鉴定了3种Caveolin （Caveolin-1、2 和3），它们具有不同的组织分布。
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