background:
CRM1 (chromosome region maintenance 1 protein homolog) mediates the nuclear export of cellular proteins (cargoes) bearing a leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES) and of RNAs. In the nucleus, in association with RANBP3, CRM1 binds cooperatively to the NES on its target protein and to the GTPase Ran in its active GTP-bound form. Docking of this complex to the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is mediated through binding to nucleoporins. Upon transit of a nuclear export complex into the cytoplasm, disassembling of the complex and hydrolysis of Ran-GTP to Ran-GDP (induced by RANBP1 and RANGAP1, respectively) cause release of the cargo from the export receptor. The direction of nuclear export is thought to be conferred by an asymmetric distribution of the GTP- and GDP-bound forms of Ran between the cytoplasm and nucleus. CRM1 also mediates the nuclear export of the Rev protein of HISLV1 and Rex protein of HTLSLV1. It is involved in Rex dimerization, U3 snoRNA transport from Cajal bodies to nucleoli.
CRM1 is also involved in the control of several cellular processes by controlling the localization of cyclin B, MPAK, and MAPKAP kinase 2. CRM1 is also involved in the regulation NFAT and AP-1.
Subunit:
Found in a U snRNA export complex with RNUXA/PHAX, NCBP1, NCBP2, RAN, XPO1 and m7G-capped RNA (By similarity). Component of a nuclear export receptor complex composed of KPNB1, RAN, SNUPN and XPO1. Found in a trimeric export complex with SNUPN, RAN and XPO1. Found in a nuclear export complex with RANBP3 and RAN. Found in a 60S ribosomal subunit export complex with NMD3, RAN, XPO1. Interacts with DDX3X, NMD3, NUPL2, NUP88, NUP214, RANBP3 and TERT. Also found in complex with several viral proteins involved in RNAs' nuclear export like HISLV1 Rev and HTLSLV1 Rex. Interacts presumably with influenza A nucleoprotein. Interacts with Epstein-Barr virus BMLF1. Interacts with NEMF (via its N-terminus). Interacts with the monomeric form of BIRC5/survivin deacetylated at 'Lys-129'.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm. Nucleus, nucleoplasm. Nucleus, Cajal body. Nucleus, nucleolus. Note=Located in the nucleoplasm, Cajal bodies and nucleoli. Shuttles between the nucleus/nucleolus and the cytoplasm.
Tissue Specificity:
Expressed in heart, brain, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas, spleen, thymus, prostate, testis, ovary, small intestine, colon and peripheral blood leukocytes. Not expressed in the kidney.
Similarity:
Belongs to the exportin family.
Contains 10 HEAT repeats.
Contains 1 importin N-terminal domain.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 7514 Human
Entrez Gene: 103573 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 85252 Rat
Omim: 602559 Human
SwissProt: O14196 Human
SwissProt: Q6P5F9 Mouse
SwissProt: Q80U96 Rat
Unigene: 370770 Human
Unigene: 217547 Mouse
Unigene: 34087 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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