background:
Transcriptional activator which binds specifically to the MEF2 element, 5'-YTA[AT](4)TAR-3', found in numerous muscle-specific, growth factor- and stress-induced genes. Mediates cellular functions not only in skeletal and cardiac muscle development, but also in neuronal differentiation and survival. Plays diverse roles in the control of cell growth, survival and apoptosis via p38 MAPK signaling in muscle-specific and/or growth factor-related transcription. Plays a critical role in the regulation of neuronal apoptosis.
Function:
Transcriptional activator which binds specifically to the MEF2 element, 5'-YTA[AT](4)TAR-3', found in numerous muscle-specific, growth factor- and stress-induced genes. Mediates cellular functions not only in skeletal and cardiac muscle development, but also in neuronal differentiation and survival. Plays diverse roles in the control of cell growth, survival and apoptosis via p38 MAPK signaling in muscle-specific and/or growth factor-related transcription. Plays a critical role in the regulation of neuronal apoptosis.
Subunit:
Forms a complex with class II HDACs in undifferentiating cells. On myogenic differentiation, HDACs are released into the cytoplasm allowing MEF2s to interact with other proteins for activation. Interacts with HDAC4 (in undifferentiating cells); the interaction translocates MEF2D to nuclear dots. Forms a heterodimer with MEF2A.
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus. Note=Translocated by HDAC4 to nuclear dots.
Post-translational modifications:
Phosphorylated on Ser-444 by CDK5 is required for Lys-439 sumoylation and inhibits transcriptional activity. In neurons, enhanced CDK5 activity induced by neurotoxins promotes caspase 3-mediated cleavage leading to neuron apoptosis. Phosphorylation on Ser-36 can be enhanced by EGF. Phosphorylated and activated by CaMK4.
Acetylated on Lys-439 by CREBBP. Deacetylated by SIRT1.
Sumoylated on Lys-439 by SUMO2 but not SUMO1; which inhibits transcriptional activity and myogenic activity. Desumoylated by SENP3.
Proteolytically cleaved in cerebellar granule neurons on several sites by caspase 7 following neurotoxicity. Preferentially cleaves the CDK5-mediated hyperphosphorylated form which leads to neuron apoptosis and transcriptional inactivation.
Similarity:
Belongs to the MEF2 family.
Contains 1 MADS-box domain.
Contains 1 Mef2-type DNA-binding domain.
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
MEF2D及其家族中的其他成员，在细胞存活、分化起着重要的作用。
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