background:
Separase is a cysteine protease that is essential for mitotic progression by separating sister chromatids. Each cell must receive one chromatid of every chromosome, during mitosis. Cohesin plays an important role in cohering sister chromatids during the prophase through anaphase stages of mitosis, making certain that genomic information is replicated accurately. As the cellular division process continues, separase destroys cohesin by means of cleavage, allowing the chromatids to separate and divide with the cell. Separase activity is highly regulated. It not only cleaves cohesin at the onset of anaphase but also cleaves itself, promoting downregulation of separase after anaphase. Should a human cell become an aneuploid (one too many or too few chromatids), the embryo most likely will not survive. Should the embryo survive, it will most likely develop severe birth defects or later develop malignant cancers.
Function:
Caspase-like protease, which plays a central role in the chromosome segregation by cleaving the SCC1/RAD21 subunit of the cohesin complex at the onset of anaphase. During most of the cell cycle, it is inactivated by different mechanisms.
Subunit:
Interacts with PTTG1. Interacts with RAD21.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
Post-translational modifications:
Autocleaves. This function, which is not essential for its protease activity, is unknown.
Phosphorylated by CDK1. There are 8 Ser/Thr phosphorylation sites. Among them, Ser-1126 phosphorylation is the major site, which conducts to the enzyme inactivation.
Similarity:
Belongs to the peptidase C50 family.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 9700 Human
Entrez Gene: 105988 Mouse
Omim: 604143 Human
SwissProt: Q14674 Human
SwissProt: P60330 Mouse
Unigene: 153479 Human
Unigene: 288324 Mouse
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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