background:
Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), also known as CXADR is a component of the epithelial apical junction complex that is essential for the tight junction integrity. It is a type I membrane receptor for group B coxsackieviruses and subgroup C adenoviruses. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 15, 18, and 21.It is proposed to function as a homophilic cell adhesion molecule and recruits MPDZ to intercellular contact sites. CAR is probably involved in transepithelial migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) through adhesive interactions with AMICA1/JAML located in the plasma membrane of PMN.
Function:
Component of the epithelial apical junction complex that is essential for the tight junction integrity. Proposed to function as a homophilic cell adhesion molecule. Recruits MPDZ to intercellular contact sites. Probably involved in transepithelial migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) through adhesive interactions with AMICA1/JAML located in the plasma membrane of PMN.
Subunit:
Monomer. Probably homodimer formed by 2 molecules on adjacent cells. Interacts with LNX, MPDZ, BAIAP1, DLG4, PRKCABP, TJP1 and CTNNB1. Secreted isoform 3, isoform 4 and isoform 5 can interact with the extracellular domain of the receptor. Interacts with adenovirus subgroup A, C, D, E and F fiber proteins as well as coxsackievirus B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 and B6 capsid proteins and acts as a receptor for these viruses.
Subcellular Location:
Isoform 1: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Cell junction, tight junction. Cell junction, adherens junction. Basolateral cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Note=In epithelial cells localizes to the apical junction complex composced of tight and adherens junctions. In airway epithelial cells localized to basolateral membrane but not to apical surface.
Isoform 2: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Cell junction, tight junction. Cell junction, adherens junction. Basolateral cell membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. Note=In epithelial cells localizes to the apical junction complex composced of tight and adherens junctions. In airway epithelial cells localized to basolateral membrane but not to apical surface.
Isoform 3: Secreted.
Isoform 4: Secreted.
Isoform 5: Secreted.
Tissue Specificity:
Expressed in pancreas, brain, heart, small intestine, testis, prostate and at a lower level in liver and lung. Isoform 5 is ubiquitously expressed. Isoform 3 is expressed in heart, lung and pancreas. In skeletal muscle, isoform 1 is found at the neuromuscular junction and isoform 2 is found in blood vessels. In cardiac muscle, isoform 1 and isoform 2 are found at intercalated disks. In heart expressed in subendothelial layers of the vessel wall but not in the luminal endothelial surface. Expression is elevated in hearts with dilated cardiomyopathy.
Post-translational modifications:
N-glycosylated (By similarity).
Palmitoylated on Cys-259 and/or Cys-260; required for proper localization to the plasma membrane.
Similarity:
Contains 2 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 281733 Cow
Entrez Gene: 403772 Dog
Entrez Gene: 1525 Human
Entrez Gene: 13052 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 100174624 Orangutan
Entrez Gene: 397333 Pig
Entrez Gene: 100302411 Rabbit
Entrez Gene: 89843 Rat
Omim: 602621 Human
SwissProt: Q8WMV3 Cow
SwissProt: P78310 Human
SwissProt: P97792 Mouse
SwissProt: Q5R764 Orangutan
SwissProt: Q9R066 Rat
Unigene: 634837 Human
Unigene: 66222 Mouse
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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