background:
PCB (Pyruvate carboxylase) requires biotin and ATP to catalyse the carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate. The active enzyme is a homotetramer arranged in a tetrahedron which is located exclusively in the mitochondrial matrix. PCB is involved in gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, insulin secretion and synthesis of the neurotransmitter glutamate. Mutations in this gene have been associated with pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants with different 5' UTRs, but encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene.
Function:
Pyruvate carboxylase catalyzes a 2-step reaction, involving the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the covalently attached biotin in the first step and the transfer of the carboxyl group to pyruvate in the second. Catalyzes in a tissue specific manner, the initial reactions of glucose (liver, kidney) and lipid (adipose tissue, liver, brain) synthesis from pyruvate.
Subunit:
Homotetramer.
Subcellular Location:
Mitochondrion matrix.
DISEASE:
Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency (PC deficiency) [MIM:266150]: Leads to lactic acidosis, mental retardation and death. It occurs in three forms: mild or type A, severe neonatal or type B, and a very mild lacticacidemia. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Similarity:
Contains 1 ATP-grasp domain.
Contains 1 biotin carboxylation domain.
Contains 1 biotinyl-binding domain.
Contains 1 carboxyltransferase domain.
Database links:
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P11498.2
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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