background:
This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. This member catalyzes the reduction of a number of aldehydes, including the aldehyde form of glucose, and is thereby implicated in the development of diabetic complications by catalyzing the reduction of glucose to sorbitol. Multiple pseudogenes have been identified for this gene. The nomenclature system used by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee to define human aldo-keto reductase family members is known to differ from that used by the Mouse Genome Informatics database. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]
Function:
Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl-containing compounds to their corresponding alcohols with a broad range of catalytic efficiencies.
Subunit:
Monomer.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm.
Tissue Specificity:
Highly expressed in embryonic epithelial cells (EUE) in response to osmotic stress.
Similarity:
Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 231 Human
Entrez Gene: 11677 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 396816 Pig
Entrez Gene: 100009122 Rabbit
Entrez Gene: 24192 Rat
Omim: 103176 Human
SwissProt: P15121 Human
SwissProt: P45376 Mouse
SwissProt: P80276 Pig
SwissProt: P15122 Rabbit
SwissProt: P07943 Rat
Unigene: 521212 Human
Unigene: 451 Mouse
Unigene: 485031 Mouse
Unigene: 107801 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
醛糖还原酶是多元醇通路的关键限速酶,当血糖在正常生理水平时，它并不激活，它对葡萄糖的亲和力较低。在高血糖状况下（如糖尿病），磷酸己糖激酶饱和， 醛糖还原酶激活，促使体内的葡萄糖转化为山梨醇。然而，山梨醇脱氢酶（sorbitol dehydrogenase，SDH）的活力并未相应地成比例增加，山梨醇转化为果糖的效率没有提高,山梨醇本身由于极性强不易通过细胞膜，在细胞内会形成蓄积，使细胞膜的通透性发生改变，并使细胞中Na+-K+-ATP酶活性下降，造成肌醇丧失，导致细胞代谢与功能的损害。
因眼睛和神经细胞等组织内醛糖还原酶的含量较高，糖尿病病人体内高血糖的环境使这一通路很容易被打开，造成对相关组织的病理损害，如糖尿病、白内障、神经病变、肾脏病变、视网膜病变、动脉粥样硬化等糖尿病并发症DCC的发生。
|
|
