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Rabbit Anti-Glutamate receptor 3/FITC Conjugated antibody
background:
L-Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS, acting through both ligand gated ion channels (ionotropic receptors) and G-protein coupled (metabotropic) receptors. As such the glutamate receptors play a vital role in the mediation of excitatory synaptic transmission. The ionotropic glutamate receptors are multimeric assemblies of four or five subunits, and are subdivided into three groups (AMPA, NMDA and Kainate receptors) based on their pharmacology structural similarities Glutamate Receptor 3 is a ionotropic, AMPA-selective, membrane bound protein widely distributed in the CNS. Predominant expression is seen in the neuronal cells of the cerebral cortex, dentate gyrus, and glial cells throughout brain regions. AMPA receptors mediate fast synaptic transmission in the CNS and are composed of subunits GluR1-4, products from separate genes. Glutamate Receptor 3 exists in 2 named isoforms - Flip and Flop, produced by alternative splicing.
Function:
Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist.In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of glutamate.
Subunit:
Homotetramer or heterotetramer of pore-forming glutamate receptor subunits. Tetramers may be formed by the dimerization of dimers. Interacts with PRKCABP, GRIP1 and GRIP2 (By similarity). Found in a complex with GRIA1, GRIA2, GRIA4, CNIH2, CNIH3, CACNG2, CACNG3, CACNG4, CACNG5, CACNG7 and CACNG8. Interacts with CACNG5 (By similarity).
Subcellular Location:
Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Note=Interaction with CNIH2 and CNIH3 promotes cell surface expression (By similarity).
Post-translational modifications:
Palmitoylated. Depalmitoylated upon glutamate stimulation. Cys-621 palmitoylation leads to Golgi retention and decreased cell surface expression. In contrast, Cys-847 palmitoylation does not affect cell surface expression but regulates stimulation-dependent endocytosis (By similarity).
DISEASE:
Defects in GRIA3 are the cause of mental retardation X-linked type 94 (MRX94) [MIM:300699]. Mental retardation is characterized by significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning associated with impairments in adaptative behavior and manifested during the developmental period. MRX94 patients have moderate mental retardation. Other variable features are macrocephaly, seizures, myoclonic jerks, autistic behavior, asthenic body habitus, distal muscle weakness and hyporeflexia.
Similarity:
Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family. GRIA3 subfamily.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 2892 Human
Entrez Gene: 53623 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 29628 Rat
Omim: 305915 Human
SwissProt: P42263 Human
SwissProt: Q9Z2W9 Mouse
SwissProt: P19492 Rat
Unigene: 377070 Human
Unigene: 327681 Mouse
Unigene: 74049 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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