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Rabbit Anti-WWOX/FITC Conjugated antibody
background:
WW domain-containing proteins are found in all eukaryotes and play an important role in the regulation of a wide variety of cellular functions such as protein degradation, transcription, and RNA splicing. This gene encodes a protein which contains 2 WW domains and a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase domain (SRD). The highest normal expression of this gene is detected in hormonally regulated tissues such as testis, ovary, and prostate. This expression pattern and the presence of an SRD domain suggest a role for this gene in steroid metabolism. The encoded protein is more than 90% identical to the mouse protein, which is an essential mediator of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis, suggesting a similar, important role in apoptosis for the human protein. In addition, there is evidence that this gene behaves as a suppressor of tumor growth. Alternative splicing of this gene generates transcript variants that encode different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Function:
Putative oxidoreductase. Acts as a tumor suppressor and plays a role in apoptosis. Required for normal bone development (By similarity). May function synergistically with p53/TP53 to control genotoxic stress-induced cell death. Plays a role in TGFB1 signaling and TGFB1-mediated cell death. May also play a role in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated cell death. Inhibits Wnt signaling, probably by sequestering DVL2 in the cytoplasm.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Mitochondrion. Golgi apparatus. Partially localizes to the mitochondria. Translocates to the nucleus upon genotoxic stress or TNF stimulation (By similarity). Translocates to the nucleus in response to TGFB1. Isoform 5 and isoform 6 may localize in the nucleus.
Target information above from: UniProt accessionQ9NZC7 The UniProt Consortium
The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) in 2010
Nucleic Acids Res. 38:D142-D148 (2010).
Tissue Specificity:
Widely expressed. Strongly expressed in testis, prostate, and ovary. Overexpressed in cancer cell lines. Isoform 5 and isoform 6 may only be expressed in tumor cell lines.
Post-translational modifications:
Phosphorylated upon genotoxic stress. Phosphorylation of Tyr-33 regulates interaction with TP53, TP73 and MAPK8. May also regulate proapoptotic activity. Phosphorylation by TNK2 is associated with polyubiquitination and degradation.
Ubiquitinated when phosphorylated by TNK2, leading to its degradation.
DISEASE:
Note=Defects in WWOX may be involved in several cancer types. The gene spans the second most common chromosomal fragile site (FRA16D) which is frequently altered in cancers. Alteration of the expression and expression of some isoforms is associated with cancers. However, it is still unclear if alteration of WWOX is directly implicated in cancerogenesis or if it corresponds to a secondary effect.
Defects in WWOX may be a cause of esophageal cancer (ESCR) [MIM:133239].
Similarity:
Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.
Contains 2 WW domains.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 618792 Cow
Entrez Gene: 51741 Human
Entrez Gene: 80707 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 292041 Rat
Omim: 605131 Human
SwissProt: Q9NZC7 Human
SwissProt: Q91WL8 Mouse
Unigene: 461453 Human
Unigene: 88420 Mouse
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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