background:
Retinoids are metabolites of vitamin A (retinal) and are believed to represent important signaling molecules during vertebrate development and tissue differentiation. Two families of retinoid receptors have been identified. Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) include RAR alpha, RAR Beta and RAR gamma, each of which has a high affinity for all trans retinoic acids and belongs to the same class of nuclear transcription factors as thyroid hormone receptors, vitamin D3 receptor and ecdysone receptor. The ligand binding domains of the RARs are highly conserved and RAR isoforms are expressed in distinct patterns throughout development and in the mature organism. Members of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) family, RXR alpha, RXR Beta and RXR gamma, are activated by 9 cis retinoic acid, a stereo and photoisomer of all trans RA that is expressed in vivo in both liver and kidney and may represent a widely used hormone.
Function:
Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RXR/RAR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. In the absence or presence of hormone ligand, acts mainly as an activator of gene expression due to weak binding to corepressors. In concert with RARG, required for skeletal growth, matrix homeostasis and growth plate function.
Subunit:
Homodimer (By similarity). Heterodimer; with a RXR molecule. Binds DNA preferentially as a RAR/RXR heterodimer (By similarity). Interacts weakly with NCOR2.
Subcellular Location:
Isoform Beta-1: Nucleus.
Isoform Beta-2: Nucleus.
Isoform Beta-4: Cytoplasm.
Similarity:
Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily.
Contains 1 nuclear receptor DNA-binding domain.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 5915 Human
Entrez Gene: 218772 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 24706 Rat
Omim: 36220 Human
SwissProt: P10826 Human
SwissProt: P22605 Mouse
Unigene: 654490 Human
Unigene: 259318 Mouse
Unigene: 44045 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
RAR-β参与对很多恶性肿瘤细胞的诱导分化和凋亡作用。
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