background:
This protein is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. Members of the PAX family typically contain a paired box domain and a paired-type homeodomain. These proteins play critical roles during fetal development. Mutations in paired box gene 3 are associated with Waardenburg syndrome, craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome, and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. The translocation t(2;13)(q35;q14), which represents a fusion between PAX3 and the forkhead gene, is a frequent finding in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Alternative splicing results in transcripts encoding isoforms with different SLCtermini.
Function:
Transcription factor that may regulate cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Involved in neural development and myogenesis.
Subunit:
Can bind to DNA as a homodimer or a heterodimer with PAX7. Interacts with PAXBP1; the interaction links PAX3 to a WDR5-containing histone methyltransferase complex. Interacts with DAXX.
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus.
DISEASE:
Waardenburg syndrome 1 (WS1) [MIM:193500]: WS1 is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by non-progressive sensorineural deafness, pigmentary disturbances such as frontal white blaze of hair, heterochromia of irides, white eyelashes, leukoderma, and wide bridge of nose owing to lateral displacement of the inner canthus of each eye (dystopia canthorum). WS1 shows variable clinical expression and some affected individuals do not manifest hearing impairment or iris pigmentation disturbances. Dystopia canthorum is the most consistent sign and is found in 98% of the patients. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Waardenburg syndrome 3 (WS3) [MIM:148820]: WS3 is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by sensorineural deafness, pigmentary disturbances, dystopia canthorum and limb anomalies such as hypoplasia of the musculoskeletal system, flexion contractures, fusion of the carpal bones, syndactylies. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome (CDHS) [MIM:122176]: Thought to be an autosomal dominant disease which comprises absence or hypoplasia of the nasal bones, hypoplastic maxilla, small and short nose with thin nares, limited movement of the wrist, short palpebral fissures, ulnar deviation of the fingers, hypertelorism and profound sensory-neural deafness. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Rhabdomyosarcoma 2 (RMS2) [MIM:268220]: A form of rhabdomyosarcoma, a highly malignant tumor of striated muscle derived from primitive mesenchymal cells and exhibiting differentiation along rhabdomyoblastic lines. Rhabdomyosarcoma is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children. It occurs in four forms: alveolar, pleomorphic, embryonal and botryoidal rhabdomyosarcomas. Note=The gene represented in this entry is involved in disease pathogenesis. A chromosomal aberration involving PAX3 is found in rhabdomyosarcoma. Translocation (2;13)(q35;q14) with FOXO1. The resulting protein is a transcriptional activator.
Note=A chromosomal aberration involving PAX3 is a cause of rhabdomyosarcoma. Translocation t(2;2)(q35;p23) with NCOA1 generates the NCOA1-PAX3 oncogene consisting of the N-terminus part of PAX3 and the SLCterminus part of NCOA1. The fusion protein acts as a transcriptional activator. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue carcinoma in childhood, representing 5-8% of all malignancies in children.
Similarity:
Belongs to the paired homeobox family.
Contains 1 homeobox DNA-binding domain.
Contains 1 paired domain.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 5077 Human
Entrez Gene: 18505 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 114502 Rat
Omim: 606597 Human
SwissProt: P23760 Human
SwissProt: P24610 Mouse
SwissProt: Q0IH87 Xenopus laevis
SwissProt: Q645N4 Xenopus laevis
Unigene: 42146 Human
Unigene: 1371 Mouse
Unigene: 225252 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
同源结构域蛋白（Homeodomain Proteins）
PAX-3属于转录抑制因子。在胚胎发育和肿瘤生长中起关键作用。其突变和某些肿瘤的发病有关。
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