background:
The cytochrome P450 proteins (CYPs) are monooxygenases that catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids, and other lipids. P450 enzymes are classified into subfamilies based on their sequence similarities. CYP26A1 is a major retinoic acid catabolic enzyme. CYP26A1 plays an important role in protecting tailbud tissues from inappropriate exposure to retinoic acid. CYP26A1 transcription is epigenetically regulated by nuclear retinoic acid receptor ∫2. Mutations in the gene encoding for CYP26A1 are associated with caudal agenesis and spina bifida, imperforate anus, agenesis of the caudal portions of the digestive and urogenital tracts, and malformed lumbosacral skeletal elements. CYP26A1 is upregulated in adenomatous polyposis coli mouse adenomas, human FAP adenomas, human sporadic colon carcinomas, and in the intestine of adenomatous polyposis coli (apcmcr) mutant zebrafish embryos.
Function:
Plays a key role in retinoic acid metabolism. Acts on retinoids, including all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) and its stereoisomer 9-cis-RA. Capable of both 4-hydroxylation and 18-hydroxylation. Responsible for generation of several hydroxylated forms of RA, including 4-OH-RA, 4-oxo-RA and 18-OH-RA.
Subcellular Location:
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Microsome membrane.
Tissue Specificity:
Highest levels in adult liver, heart, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, placenta and regions of the brain.
Similarity:
Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.
Database links:
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: O43174.2
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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