background:
Somatostatin is a regulatory hormone that is expressed throughout the body and inhibits the release of numerous secondary hormones by binding to high-affinity G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors. This cyclic tetradecapeptide inhibits the secretion of many important hormones, including somatotropin (also designated growth hormone, or GH), insulin and glucagon. Somatostatin is found in both the hypothalamus and pancreas. Somatostatin is thought to be involved in the regulation of insulin synthesis. The hormone somatostatin has active 14 amino acid and 28 amino acid forms that are produced by alternate cleavage of the single preproprotein encoded by this gene. In the cerebellum, Somatostatin-14 and Somatostatin-28 are highly expressed at birth and in the adult stage, respectively. Somatostatin affects rates of neurotransmission in the central nervous system and proliferation of both normal and tumorigenic cells. The gene encoding Somatostatin maps to human chromosome 3q28.
Function:
The cyclic tetradecapeptide somatostatin is widely distributed throughout the body and is an important regulator of endocrine and nervous system function. It exerts its biologic actions by binding to specific high affinity receptors on the cell surface. Somatostatin inhibits the release of somatotropin. Somatostatin has also been shown in sympathetic nerves, mucosal cells, myenteric nerves of the gastrointestinal tract, salivary glands and in some parafollicular cells of the thyroid. Somatostatin positive cells may also be present in medullary thyroid carcinomas, C cell hyperplasia, thymic and lung tumors and pulmonary small cell carcinomas.
Subcellular Location:
Secreted.
Similarity:
Belongs to the somatostatin family.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 396279 Chicken
Entrez Gene: 280932 Cow
Entrez Gene: 6750 Human
Entrez Gene: 20604 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 24797 Rat
Omim: 182450 Human
SwissProt: P33094 Chicken
SwissProt: P26917 Cow
SwissProt: P61278 Human
SwissProt: P60041 Mouse
SwissProt: P60042 Rat
Unigene: 1489 Human
Unigene: 34418 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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