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Rabbit Anti-Phospho-Smad1 (Ser465)/FITC Conjugated antibody
background:
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene 'mothers against decapentaplegic' (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma. SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. This protein mediates the signals of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which are involved in a range of biological activities including cell growth, apoptosis, morphogenesis, development and immune responses. In response to BMP ligands, this protein can be phosphorylated and activated by the BMP receptor kinase. The phosphorylated form of this protein forms a complex with SMAD4, which is important for its function in the transcription regulation. This protein is a target for SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases, such as SMURF1 and SMURF2, and undergoes ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed. [provided by RefSeq].
Function:
Transcriptional modulator activated by BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) type 1 receptor kinase. SMAD1 is a receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD). SMAD1/OAZ1/PSMB4 complex mediates the degradation of the CREBBP/EP300 repressor SNIP1.
Subunit:
Interacts with HGS, NANOG and ZCCHC12. May form trimers with another SMAD1 and the co-SMAD SMAD4. Interacts with PEBP2-alpha subunit, CREB-binding protein (CBP), p300, SMURF1, SMURF2 and HOXC8. Associates with ZNF423 or ZNF521 in response to BMP2 leading to activate transcription of BMP target genes. Interacts with SKOR1. Interacts (via MH2 domain) with LEMD3. Binding to LEMD3 results in at least a partial reduction of receptor-mediated phosphorylation. Forms a ternary complex with PSMB4 and OAZ1 before PSMB4 is incorporated into the 20S proteasome.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note=Cytoplasmic in the absence of ligand. Migrates to the nucleus when complexed with SMAD4. Co-localizes with LEMD3 at the nucleus inner membrane.
Tissue Specificity:
Ubiquitous. Highest expression seen in the heart and skeletal muscle.
Post-translational modifications:
Phosphorylated on serine by BMP type 1 receptor kinase.
Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis by SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF1.
DISEASE:
Defects in SMAD1 may be a cause of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH1) [MIM:178600]. A rare disorder characterized by plexiform lesions of proliferating endothelial cells in pulmonary arterioles. The lesions lead to elevated pulmonary arterial pression, right ventricular failure, and death. The disease can occur from infancy throughout life and it has a mean age at onset of 36 years. Penetrance is reduced. Although familial PPH1 is rare, cases secondary to known etiologies are more common and include those associated with the appetite-suppressant drugs.
Similarity:
Belongs to the dwarfin/SMAD family.
Contains 1 MH1 (MAD homology 1) domain.
Contains 1 MH2 (MAD homology 2) domain.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 4086 Human
Entrez Gene: 17125 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 25671 Rat
Omim: 601595 Human
SwissProt: Q15797 Human
SwissProt: P70340 Mouse
SwissProt: P97588 Rat
Unigene: 604588 Human
Unigene: 223717 Mouse
Unigene: 10635 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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