background:
This gene encodes a member of the Polycomb-group (PcG) family. PcG family members form multimeric protein complexes, which are involved in maintaining the transcriptional repressive state of genes over successive cell generations. This protein associates with the embryonic ectoderm development protein, the VAV1 oncoprotein, and the X-linked nuclear protein. This protein may play a role in the hematopoietic and central nervous systems. Multiple alternatively splcied transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011].
Function:
Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic subunit of the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' (H3K9me) and 'Lys-27' (H3K27me) of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. Able to mono-, di- and trimethylate 'Lys-27' of histone H3 to form H3K27me1, H3K27me2 and H3K27me3, respectively. Compared to EZH2-containing complexes, it is more abundant in embryonic stem cells and plays a major role in forming H3K27me3, which is required for embryonic stem cell identity and proper differentiation. The PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex may also serve as a recruiting platform for DNA methyltransferases, thereby linking two epigenetic repression systems. Genes repressed by the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex include HOXC8, HOXA9, MYT1, CDKN2A and retinoic acid target genes. EZH2 can also methylate non-histone proteins such as the transcription factor GATA4.
Subunit:
Binds ATRX via the SET domain (Probable). Component of the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex, which includes EED, EZH2, SUZ12, RBBP4 and RBBP7 and possibly AEBP2. The minimum components required for methyltransferase activity of the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex are EED, EZH2 and SUZ12. The PRC2 complex may also interact with DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and PHF1 via the EZH2 subunit and with SIRT1 via the SUZ12 subunit. Interacts with HDAC1 and HDAC2. Interacts with PRAME.
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus.
Tissue Specificity:
Expressed in many tissues. Overexpressed in numerous tumor types including carcinomas of the breast, colon, larynx, lymphoma and testis.
Post-translational modifications:
Phosphorylated by AKT1. Phosphorylation by AKT1 reduces methyltransferase activity. Phosphorylation at Thr-345 by CDK1 and CDK2 promotes maintenance of H3K27me3 levels at EZH2-target loci, thus leading to epigenetic gene silencing.
Sumoylated.
Similarity:
Belongs to the histone-lysine methyltransferase family. EZ subfamily.
Contains 1 CXC domain.
Contains 1 SET domain.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 2146 Human
Entrez Gene: 14056 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 100381148 Xenopus laevis
Entrez Gene: 399174 Xenopus laevis
Entrez Gene: 768133 Zebrafish
Omim: 601573 Human
SwissProt: Q15910 Human
SwissProt: Q61188 Mouse
SwissProt: Q4V863 Xenopus laevis
SwissProt: Q98SM3 Xenopus laevis
SwissProt: Q08BS4 Zebrafish
Unigene: 48882 Human
Unigene: 246688 Mouse
Unigene: 19136 Xenopus laevis
Unigene: 47646 Xenopus laevis
Unigene: 76424 Zebrafish
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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