background:
This gene encodes a member of the 2-5A synthetase family, essential proteins involved in the innate immune response to viral infection. The encoded protein is induced by interferons and uses adenosine triphosphate in 2'-specific nucleotidyl transfer reactions to synthesize 2',5'-oligoadenylates (2-5As). These molecules activate latent RNase L, which results in viral RNA degradation and the inhibition of viral replication. The three known members of this gene family are located in a cluster on chromosome 12. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
Function:
Interferon-induced, dsRNA-activated antiviral enzymewhich plays a critical role in cellular innate antiviral response.In addition, it may also play a role in other cellular processessuch as apoptosis, cell growth, differentiation and generegulation. Synthesizes higher oligomers of 2'-5'-oligoadenylates(2-5A) from ATP which then bind to the inactive monomeric form ofribonuclease L (RNase L) leading to its dimerization and subsequentactivation. Activation of RNase L leads to degradation of cellularas well as viral RNA, resulting in the inhibition of proteinsynthesis, thus terminating viral replication. Can mediate theantiviral effect via the classical RNase L-dependent pathway or analternative antiviral pathway independent of RNase L.[CATALYTIC ACTIVITY] 3 ATP = pppA2'p5'A2'p5'A + 2 diphosphate.
Subunit:
Homodimer.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Mitochondrion. Nucleus. Microsome. Endoplasmic reticulum.Note=Associated with different subcellular fractions such asmitochondrial, nuclear, and rough/smooth microsomal fractions.
Post-translational modifications:
Myristoylation is not essential for its activity.
Glycosylated. Glycosylation is essential for its activity.
Similarity:
Belongs to the 2-5A synthase family.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 4939 Human
Entrez Gene: 246728 Mouse
Omim: 603350 Human
SwissProt: P29728 Human
SwissProt: E9Q9A9 Mouse
Unigene: 414332 Human
Unigene: 260926 Mouse
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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