background:
Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. This structure consists of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a nucleosome, an octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H3 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails; instead, they contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6p22-p21.3. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Function:
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus. Chromosome.
Post-translational modifications:
Acetylation is generally linked to gene activation. Acetylation on Lys-10 (H3K9ac) impairs methylation at Arg-9 (H3R8me2s). Acetylation on Lys-19 (H3K18ac) and Lys-24 (H3K24ac) favors methylation at Arg-18 (H3R17me).
Citrullination at Arg-9 (H3R8ci) and/or Arg-18 (H3R17ci) by PADI4 impairs methylation and represses transcription.
DISEASE:
Expressed during S phase, then expression strongly decreases as cell division slows down during the process of differentiation.
Similarity:
Belongs to the histone H3 family.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 8290 Human
Entrez Gene: 8350 Human
Entrez Gene: 8351 Human
Entrez Gene: 8352 Human
Entrez Gene: 8353 Human
Entrez Gene: 8354 Human
Entrez Gene: 8355 Human
Entrez Gene: 8356 Human
Entrez Gene: 8357 Human
Entrez Gene: 8358 Human
Entrez Gene: 8968 Human
Entrez Gene: 260423 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 319148 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 319149 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 319150 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 319151 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 319152 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 319153 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 72198 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 97908 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 100364501 Rat
Entrez Gene: 100365669 Rat
Entrez Gene: 291159 Rat
Entrez Gene: 314977 Rat
Entrez Gene: 364716 Rat
Entrez Gene: 679950 Rat
Entrez Gene: 679994 Rat
Entrez Gene: 136511 Rat
Entrez Gene: 136599 Rat
Entrez Gene: 682330 Rat
Entrez Gene: 691496 Rat
Omim: 601128 Human
Omim: 602810 Human
Omim: 602811 Human
Omim: 602812 Human
Omim: 602813 Human
Omim: 602814 Human
Omim: 602815 Human
Omim: 602816 Human
Omim: 602817 Human
Omim: 602818 Human
Omim: 602819 Human
SwissProt: P68431 Human
SwissProt: P84243 Human
SwissProt: Q16695 Human
SwissProt: Q6NXT2 Human
SwissProt: Q71DI3 Human
SwissProt: P68433 Mouse
SwissProt: P84228 Mouse
SwissProt: Q6LED0 Rat
Unigene: 132854 Human
Unigene: 247813 Human
Unigene: 247814 Human
Unigene: 248176 Human
Unigene: 443021 Human
Unigene: 484990 Human
Unigene: 532144 Human
Unigene: 533292 Human
Unigene: 546315 Human
Unigene: 586261 Human
Unigene: 591778 Human
Unigene: 221301 Mouse
Unigene: 261657 Mouse
Unigene: 377874 Mouse
Unigene: 390558 Mouse
Unigene: 397328 Mouse
Unigene: 27690 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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