background:
Machado-Joseph disease, also known as spinocerebellar ataxia-3, is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder. The protein encoded by this gene contains (CAG)n repeats in the coding region, and the expansion of these repeats from the normal 13-36 to 68-79 is one cause of Machado-Joseph disease. There is a negative correlation between the age of onset and CAG repeat numbers. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]
Function:
Interacts with key regulators (CBP, p300 and PCAF) of transcription and represses transcription. Acts as a histone-binding protein that regulates transcription. Acts as a deubiquitinating enzyme.
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus matrix. Predominantly nuclear, but not exclusively, inner nuclear matrix.
Tissue Specificity:
Ubiquitous.
DISEASE:
Defects in ATXN3 are the cause of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) [MIM:109150]; also known as Machado-Joseph disease (MJD). Spinocerebellar ataxia is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of cerebellar disorders. Patients show progressive incoordination of gait and often poor coordination of hands, speech and eye movements, due to degeneration of the cerebellum with variable involvement of the brainstem and spinal cord. SCA3 belongs to the autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias type I (ADCA I) which are characterized by cerebellar ataxia in combination with additional clinical features like optic atrophy, ophthalmoplegia, bulbar and extrapyramidal signs, peripheral neuropathy and dementia. The molecular defect in SCA3 is the a CAG repeat expansion in ATXN3 coding region. Longer expansions result in earlier onset and more severe clinical manifestations of the disease.
Similarity:
Contains 1 Josephin domain.
Contains 3 UIM (ubiquitin-interacting motif) repeats.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 4287 Human
Entrez Gene: 110616 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 60331 Rat
Omim: 607047 Human
SwissProt: P54252 Human
SwissProt: Q9CVD2 Mouse
SwissProt: O35815 Rat
Unigene: 532632 Human
Unigene: 271914 Mouse
Unigene: 42932 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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