background:
This gene belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene has two RRM domains that bind to RNAs. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. One of the variants is probably not translated because the transcript is a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. The protein isoforms encoded by this gene are similar to its family member HNRPD. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]
Function:
Acts as a transcriptional regulator. Promotes transcription repression. Promotes transcription activation in differentiated myotubes (By similarity). Binds to double- and single-stranded DNA sequences. Binds to the transcription suppressor CATR sequence of the COX5B promoter (By similarity). Binds with high affinity to RNA molecules that contain AU-rich elements (AREs) found within the 3'-UTR of many proto-oncogenes and cytokine mRNAs. Binds both to nuclear and cytoplasmic poly(A) mRNAs. Binds to poly(G) and poly(A), but not to poly(U) or poly(C) RNA homopolymers. Binds to the 5'-ACUAGSLC3' RNA consensus sequence.
Subcellular Location:
Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in a TNPO1-dependent manner.
Tissue Specificity:
Expressed in heart, brain, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, pancreas, spleen, thymus, prostate, testis, ovary, small intestine, colon and leukocytes. Expressed in myeloid leukemia, gastric adenocarcinoma, cervical carcinoma, hepatoma, fibrosarcoma, colon adenocarcinoma, epidermoid carcinoma, osteosarcoma and urinary bladder carcinoma cells.
Post-translational modifications:
Dimethylation of Arg-408 is probably of the asymmetric type.
Similarity:
Contains 2 RRM (RNA recognition motif) domains.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 422601 Chicken
Entrez Gene: 534770 Cow
Entrez Gene: 9987 Human
Entrez Gene: 50926 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 305178 Rat
Omim: 607137 Human
SwissProt: Q5ZI72 Chicken
SwissProt: O14979 Human
SwissProt: Q9Z130 Mouse
SwissProt: Q3SWU3 Rat
Unigene: 527105 Human
Unigene: 707013 Human
Unigene: 389579 Mouse
Unigene: 102146 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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