background:
This gene encodes a protein that is highly similar to the yeast SIN1 protein, a stress-activated protein kinase. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. Alternate polyadenylation sites as well as alternate 3' UTRs have been identified for transcripts of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Function:
Subunit of mTORC2, which regulates cell growth and survival in response to hormonal signals. mTORC2 is activated by growth factors, but, in contrast to mTORC1, seems to be nutrient-insensitive. mTORC2 seems to function upstream of Rho GTPases to regulate the actin cytoskeleton, probably by activating one or more Rho-type guanine nucleotide exchange factors. mTORC2 promotes the serum-induced formation of stress-fibers or F-actin. mTORC2 plays a critical role in AKT1 'Ser-473' phosphorylation, which may facilitate the phosphorylation of the activation loop of AKT1 on 'Thr-308' by PDK1 which is a prerequisite for full activation. mTORC2 regulates the phosphorylation of SGK1 at 'Ser-422'. mTORC2 also modulates the phosphorylation of PRKCA on 'Ser-657'. Within mTORC2, MAPKAP1 is required for complex formation and mTORC2 kinase activity. MAPKAP1 inhibits MAP3K2 by preventing its dimerization and autophosphorylation. Inhibits HRAS and KRAS signaling. Enhances osmotic stress-induced phosphorylation of ATF2 and ATF2-mediated transcription.
Subcellular Location:
Cell membrane. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Nucleus.
Tissue Specificity:
Ubiquitously expressed, with highest levels in heart and skeletal muscle.
Similarity:
Belongs to the SIN1 family.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 395627 Chicken
Entrez Gene: 79109 Human
Entrez Gene: 227743 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 296648 Rat
Omim: 610558 Human
SwissProt: Q9W6S3 Chicken
SwissProt: Q9BPZ7 Human
SwissProt: Q8BKH7 Mouse
SwissProt: Q6AYF1 Rat
Unigene: 495138 Human
Unigene: 270866 Mouse
Unigene: 105886 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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