background:
The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. The immunoproteasome contains an alternate regulator, referred to as the 11S regulator or PA28, that replaces the 19S regulator. Three subunits (alpha, beta and gamma) of the 11S regulator have been identified. This gene encodes the beta subunit of the 11S regulator, one of the two 11S subunits that is induced by gamma-interferon. Three beta and three alpha subunits combine to form a heterohexameric ring. Six pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 4, 5, 8, 10 and 13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Function:
Implicated in immunoproteasome assembly and required for efficient antigen processing. The PA28 activator complex enhances the generation of class I binding peptides by altering the cleavage pattern of the proteasome.
Subunit:
Heterodimer of PSME1 and PSME2, which forms a hexameric ring.
Similarity:
Belongs to the PA28 family.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 5721 Human
Entrez Gene: 509857 Cow
Entrez Gene: 96258 Dog
Entrez Gene: 101836765 Hamster
Entrez Gene: 100051729 Horse
Entrez Gene: 19188 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 397522 Pig
Entrez Gene: 100362709 Rat
Entrez Gene: 100364216 Rat
Entrez Gene: 29614 Rat
Entrez Gene: 30647 Zebrafish
Omim: 602161 Human
SwissProt: Q5E9G3 Cow
SwissProt: Q9UL46 Human
SwissProt: P97372 Mouse
SwissProt: Q863Z0 Pig
SwissProt: Q63798 Rat
Unigene: 434081 Human
Unigene: 512410 Human
Unigene: 371573 Mouse
Unigene: 127779 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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