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Rabbit Anti-phospho-DRP1 (Ser637)/FITC Conjugated antibody
background:
This gene encodes a member of the dynamin superfamily of GTPases. The encoded protein mediates mitochondrial and peroxisomal division, and is involved in developmentally regulated apoptosis and programmed necrosis. Dysfunction of this gene is implicated in several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Mutations in this gene are associated with the autosomal dominant disorder, encephalopathy, lethal, due to defective mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission (EMPF). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013]
Function:
Functions in mitochondrial and peroxisomal division. Mediates membrane fission through oligomerization into ring-like structures which wrap around the scission site to constict and sever the mitochondrial membrane through a GTP hydrolysis-dependent mechanism. Required for normal brain development. Facilitates developmentally-regulated apoptosis during neural tube development. Required for a normal rate of cytochrome c release and caspase activation during apoptosis. Also required for mitochondrial fission during mitosis. May be involved in vesicle transport.
Isoform 1 and isoform 4 inhibit peroxisomal division when overexpressed.
Subcellular Location:
Cytoplasm > cytosol. Golgi apparatus. Endomembrane system. Mainly cytosolic. Translocated to the mitochondrial membrane through interaction with FIS1. Colocalized with MARCH5 at mitochondrial membrane. Localizes to mitochondria at sites of division. Associated with peroxisomal membranes, partly recruited there by PEX11B. May also be associated with endoplasmic reticulum tubules and cytoplasmic vesicles and found to be perinuclear. In some cell types, localizes to the Golgi complex.
Tissue Specificity:
Ubiquitously expressed with highest levels found in skeletal muscles, heart, kidney and brain. Isoform 1 is brain-specific. Isoform 2 and isoform 3 are predominantly expressed in testis and skeletal muscles respectively. Isoform 4 is weakly expressed in brain, heart and kidney. Isoform 5 is dominantly expressed in liver, heart and kidney. Isoform 6 is expressed in neurons.
Post-translational modifications:
Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events on two sites near the GED domain regulate mitochondrial fission. Phosphorylation on Ser-637 inhibits mitochondrial fissin probably through preventing intramolecular interaction. Dephosphorylated on this site by PPP3CA which promotes mitochondrial fission. Phosphorylation on Ser-616 also promotes mitochondrial fission.
Sumoylated on various lysine residues within the B domain. Desumoylated by SENP5 during G2/M transition of mitosis. Appears to be linked to its catalytic activity.
S-nitrosylation increases DNM1L dimerization, mitochondrial fission and causes neuronal damage.
Ubiquitination by MARCH5 affects mitochondrial morphology.
Similarity:
Belongs to the dynamin family.
Contains 1 GED domain.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 10059 Human
Entrez Gene: 74006 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 114114 Rat
Omim: 603850 Human
SwissProt: O00429 Human
SwissProt: Q8K1M6 Mouse
SwissProt: O35303 Rat
Unigene: 556296 Human
Unigene: 218820 Mouse
Unigene: 216851 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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