background:
The protein encoded by this gene induces proliferation, migration, and fenestration (the formation of membrane discontinuities) in capillary endothelial cells derived from endocrine glands. It has little or no effect on a variety of other endothelial and non-endothelial cell types. Its expression is restricted to the steroidogenic glands (ovary, testis, adrenal, and placenta), is induced by hypoxia, and often complementary to the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), suggesting that these molecules function in a coordinated manner. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]
Function:
Potently contracts gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle. Induces proliferation, migration and fenestration (the formation of membrane discontinuities) in capillary endothelial cells derived from endocrine glands. Has little or no effect on a variety of other endothelial and non-endothelial cell types. Induces proliferation and differentiation, but not migration, of enteric neural crest cells. Directly influences neuroblastoma progression by promoting the proliferation and migration of neuroblastoma cells. Positively regulates PTGS2 expression and prostaglandin synthesis. May play a role in placentation. May play a role in normal and pathological testis angiogenesis.
Subcellular Location:
Secreted.
Tissue Specificity:
Localizes to glandular epithelium, stroma and vascular epithelial cells of first trimester decidua (at protein level). Up-regulated in first trimester decidua when compared with non-pregnant endometrium. Expressed in the steroidogenic glands, ovary, testis, adrenal and placenta.
Similarity:
Belongs to the AVIT (prokineticin) family.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 84432 Human
Entrez Gene: 246691 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 192205 Rat
Omim: 606233 Human
SwissProt: P58294 Human
SwissProt: Q14A28 Mouse
SwissProt: Q8R414 Rat
Unigene: 514793 Human
Unigene: 461353 Mouse
Unigene: 82757 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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