background:
This gene encodes an essential regulator of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake under basal conditions. The encoded protein interacts with the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, a mitochondrial inner membrane Ca2+ channel, and is essential in preventing mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, which can cause excessive production of reactive oxygen species and cell stress. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013]
Function:
Key regulator of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) that senses calcium level via its EF-hand domains (PubMed:20693986, PubMed:23101630, PubMed:23747253, PubMed:24313810, PubMed:24332854, PubMed:24503055, PubMed:24560927, PubMed:26341627, PubMed:26903221, PubMed:27099988). MICU1 and MICU2 form a disulfide-linked heterodimer that stimulates and inhibits MCU activity, depending on the concentration of calcium. MICU1 acts both as an activator or inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium uptake (PubMed:26903221). Acts as a gatekeeper of MCU at low concentration of calcium, preventing channel opening (PubMed:26903221). Enhances MCU opening at high calcium concentration, allowing a rapid response of mitochondria to calcium signals generated in the cytoplasm (PubMed:24560927, PubMed:26903221). Regulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells by regulating mitochondrial calcium uptake (PubMed:22904319). Induces T-helper 1-mediated autoreactivity, which is accompanied by the release of IFNG (PubMed:16002733).
Subunit:
Homohexamer; in absence of calcium (PubMed:24514027). Forms a homohexamer in absence of calcium and rearranges into a heterodimer in presence of calcium (PubMed:26489515, PubMed:24514027). Heterodimer; disulfide-linked; heterodimerizes with MICU2 (PubMed:24560927). The heterodimer formed with MICU2 associates with MCU at low calcium concentration and dissociates from MCU at high calcium level (PubMed:26387864). Component of the uniplex complex, composed of MCU, MCUB, MICU1, MICU2 and EMRE/SMDT1 (PubMed:2423367). Interacts (via polybasic region) with EMRE/SMDT1; the interaction is direct (PubMed:27099988). Interacts (via polybasic region) with MCU (via coiled coil domains); the interaction is direct and precedes formation of the heterodimer with MICU2 (PubMed:21685886, PubMed:23101630, PubMed:23178883, PubMed:24332854, PubMed:26387864). Interacts with SLC25A23 (PubMed:24430870). Interacts with CHCHD4/MIA40; which introduces the interchain disulfide bond with MICU2 (PubMed:26387864).
Subcellular Location:
Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein; Mitochondrion intermembrane space
Tissue Specificity:
Expressed in epithelial cell lines. Strongly expressed in epidermal keratinocytes and dermal endothelial cells.
Similarity:
Belongs to the MICU1 family. MICU1 subfamily.
Contains 2 EF-hand domains.
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 507899 Cow
Entrez Gene: 479241 Dog
Entrez Gene: 10367 Human
Entrez Gene: 216001 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 365567 Rat
Omim: 605084 Human
SwissProt: Q0IIL1 Cow
SwissProt: Q9BPX6 Human
SwissProt: Q8VCX5 Mouse
SwissProt: Q6P6Q9 Rat
Unigene: 524367 Human
Unigene: 27199 Mouse
Unigene: 214252 Rat
Important Note:
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.
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