Glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase that facilitates the maintenance of mitochondrial redox homeostasis upon induction of apoptosis by oxidative stress. Involved in response to hydrogen peroxide and regulation of apoptosis caused by oxidative stress. Acts as a very efficient catalyst of monothiol reactions because of its high affinity for protein glutathione-mixed disulfides. Can receive electrons not only from glutathione (GSH), but also from thioredoxin reductase supporting both monothiol and dithiol reactions. Efficiently catalyzes both glutathionylation and deglutathionylation of mitochondrial complex I, which in turn regulates the superoxide production by the complex. Overexpression decreases the susceptibility to apoptosis and prevents loss of cardiolipin and cytochrome c release.
Function:
Glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase that facilitates the maintenance of mitochondrial redox homeostasis upon induction of apoptosis by oxidative stress. Involved in response to hydrogen peroxide and regulation of apoptosis caused by oxidative stress. Acts as a very efficient catalyst of monothiol reactions because of its high affinity for protein glutathione-mixed disulfides. Can receive electrons not only from glutathione (GSH), but also from thioredoxin reductase supporting both monothiol and dithiol reactions. Efficiently catalyzes both glutathionylation and deglutathionylation of mitochondrial complex I, which in turn regulates the superoxide production by the complex. Overexpression decreases the susceptibility to apoptosis and prevents loss of cardiolipin and cytochrome c release.
Subunit:
Monomer; active form. Homodimer; inactive form. The homodimer is probably linked by 1 2Fe-2S cluster.
Subcellular Location:
Mitochondrion and Nucleus.
Tissue Specificity:
Widely expressed. Expressed in brain, heart, skeletal muscle, colon, thymus, spleen, kidney, liver, small intestine, placenta and lung. Not expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes.
Similarity:
Belongs to the glutaredoxin family.
Contains 1 glutaredoxin domain.
SWISS:
Q9NS18
Gene ID:
51022
Database links:
Entrez Gene: 513762 Cow
Entrez Gene: 51022 Human
Entrez Gene: 69367 Mouse
Entrez Gene: 100172258 Orangutan
Entrez Gene: 114022 Rat
Omim: 606820 Human
SwissProt: Q32L67 Cow
SwissProt: Q9NS18 Human
SwissProt: Q923X4 Mouse
SwissProt: Q5RC53 Orangutan
SwissProt: Q6AXW1 Rat
Unigene: 458283 Human
Unigene: 272727 Mouse
Unigene: 17175 Rat
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Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (human colon carcinoma); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GLRX2) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL13394R) at 1:500 overnight at 4°C, followed by a conjugated secondary (sp-0023) for 20 minutes and DAB staining.
Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat brain); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GLRX2) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL13394R) at 1:500 overnight at 4°C, followed by a conjugated secondary (sp-0023) for 20 minutes and DAB staining.
Paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (rat brain); Antigen retrieval by boiling in sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum) at 37°C for 30min; Antibody incubation with (GLRX2) Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated (SL13394R) at 1:500 overnight at 4°C, followed by a conjugated secondary (sp-0023) for 20 minutes and DAB staining.
Tissue/cell: Rat brain tissue; 4% Paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded;
Antigen retrieval: citrate buffer ( 0.01M, pH 6.0 ), Boiling bathing for 15min; Block endogenous peroxidase by 3% Hydrogen peroxide for 30min; Blocking buffer (normal goat serum,SLC0005) at 37℃ for 20 min;
Incubation: Anti-GLRX2 Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated(SL13394R) 1:500, overnight at 4°C, followed by conjugation to the secondary antibody(SP-0023) and DAB(SLC0010) staining
Blank control (blue line): RSC96(fixed with pre-warmed 4% paraformaldehyde for 30min at 37℃ and then permeabilized with 90% ice-cold methanol for 30 min on ice)
Primary Antibody (green line): Rabbit Anti-Glutaredoxin 2 antibody (SL13394R),
Dilution: 0.2μg /10^6 cells;
Isotype Control Antibody (orange line): Rabbit IgG .
Secondary Antibody (white blue line): Goat anti-rabbit IgG-PE,Dilution: 1μg /test.
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